Corrections in Criminal Justice System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the sociology of law within criminology?

Causes of criminal behavior

Effects of rehabilitation on crime

Nature of crime from a legalistic perspective (correct)

Treatment of convicted criminals

Which aspect is NOT emphasized in Criminal Etiology?

Growth of criminals

Personal factors contributing to criminal behavior

Social factors influencing crime

Legal reforms to prevent crime (correct)

How does penology approach the treatment of prisoners?

By emphasizing rehabilitation and treatment (correct)

By preventing crime through strict penalties

By focusing exclusively on punishment

By redefining legal definitions of crime

Which philosopher is associated with the Classical School of penology?

Jeremy Bentham Signup and view all the answers

What modification does the Neo-Classical School suggest for certain individuals?

They may be exempt from punishment Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism against the Classical School of penology?

It ignores the psychological conditions of offenders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the Neo-Classical School?

Punishment overlooking mental conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of penology as a division of criminology?

The treatment and rehabilitation of offenders Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is responsible for administering municipal, city, and district jails?

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Community-based Corrections?

Supervision and rehabilitation of offenders post-sentencing Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Corrections is primarily concerned with prison management?

Institutional Corrections Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) play in the correctional system?

Supervising probationers and parolees Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about corrections is true?

It is tasked with the rehabilitation of convicted offenders. Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does the correctional system face?

Inability to reform and rehabilitate convicted criminals Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is responsible for conducting post-sentence investigations for probation?

Parole and Probation Administration Signup and view all the answers

Who mobilizes community resources for offender rehabilitation?

Parole and Probation Administration Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key responsibilities of corrections in the system?

To maintain institutions such as prisons and jails Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)?

A social learning treatment model utilizing community for change Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'penology' specifically study?

The management of prison systems and correctional institutions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of executive clemency recommended for the President of the Philippines?

Judicial review Signup and view all the answers

In addition to maintaining institutions, what is another role of corrections?

To protect law-abiding citizens from potential threats Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of deterrence in corrections aim to achieve?

Creating fear of punishment to prevent future crimes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT fall under the responsibilities of the Department of Social Welfare and Development?

Maintaining correctional facilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of reformation and rehabilitation in corrections?

To facilitate their reintegration into society Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Corrections

Corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system, responsible for the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
It encompasses all agencies, facilities, and programs involved in managing alleged or convicted offenders.
Corrections is considered the weakest pillar due to its struggle in reforming and rehabilitating criminals.

Components of Corrections

Institutional Corrections/Institution-Based Corrections:
- Includes prisons and jails, responsible for housing convicted individuals and those awaiting trial.
- Managed by various agencies:
  - Bureau of Corrections (DOJ): manages national penitentiaries.
  - Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (DILG): manages city, municipal, and district jails.
  - Local Government Units: manage provincial and sub-provincial jails.
  - Philippine National Police: maintains detention facilities in police stations.
Non-Institutional Corrections/Community-Based Corrections:
- Focuses on probation, parole, pardon, and other forms of executive clemency.
- Managed by:
  - Parole and Probation Administration (PPA): investigates probation and pre-parole cases, supervises offenders, and promotes reintegration through community resources.
  - Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP): grants parole and recommends executive clemency to the President.
  - Department of Social Welfare and Development: provides care and rehabilitation services to youth and women in conflict with the law.

Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)

A self-help program using the community as a therapeutic vehicle for behavioral and attitudinal change.
Participants learn skills and responsibilities through structured activities to prepare for reintegration.

General Responsibilities of Corrections

Maintaining institutions such as prisons, jails, and halfway houses.
Protecting law-abiding citizens by containing convicted offenders.
Rehabilitating and reforming offenders for reintegration into society.
Detering crime through the experience of imprisonment and the fear of isolation.

Penology

The study of jail management and administration, focusing on the rehabilitation of criminals.
Derived from the Latin word "poena" meaning pain or suffering.
Encompasses probation and penitentiary science, covering secure detention and retraining of offenders.
Penologists develop strategies for crime control and implement them in real-world settings.
Some criminologists view penology as a focus on rehabilitation and behavior modification.

Three Divisions of Criminology

Sociology of Law: Examines the nature of crime from a legal perspective, studying the impact of laws and potential reforms to control crime.
Criminal Etiology: Investigates the causes of crime, focusing on social and personal factors contributing to criminal behavior.
Penology: Deals with the treatment of prisoners and their rehabilitation.

Primary Schools of Penology

Classical School:
- Founded by Jeremy Bentham and Cesar Beccaria.
- Based on the "Doctrine of Psychological Hedonism" or "freewill," suggesting individuals make calculated decisions based on pleasure and pain.
Neo-Classical School:
- A modification of the Classical School, acknowledging that children and individuals with mental illness may lack the capacity for rational decision-making.
- Contributed to the concept of exempting circumstances, reduced punishment for partial freedom of will, and mitigated punishment for lack of full responsibility.

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Description

Explore the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system, focusing on corrections. This quiz covers the components of corrections, including institutional and non-institutional agencies responsible for managing offenders. Understand the challenges faced in reforming and rehabilitating criminals.