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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the sociology of law within criminology?
Which aspect is NOT emphasized in Criminal Etiology?
How does penology approach the treatment of prisoners?
Which philosopher is associated with the Classical School of penology?
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What modification does the Neo-Classical School suggest for certain individuals?
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What is a criticism against the Classical School of penology?
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Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the Neo-Classical School?
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What is the main concern of penology as a division of criminology?
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Which agency is responsible for administering municipal, city, and district jails?
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What is the main focus of Community-based Corrections?
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Which component of Corrections is primarily concerned with prison management?
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What role does the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) play in the correctional system?
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Which statement about corrections is true?
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What challenges does the correctional system face?
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Which agency is responsible for conducting post-sentence investigations for probation?
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Who mobilizes community resources for offender rehabilitation?
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What is one of the key responsibilities of corrections in the system?
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Which of the following best describes the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)?
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What does the term 'penology' specifically study?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of executive clemency recommended for the President of the Philippines?
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In addition to maintaining institutions, what is another role of corrections?
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What does the concept of deterrence in corrections aim to achieve?
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Which of the following does NOT fall under the responsibilities of the Department of Social Welfare and Development?
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What is the primary aim of reformation and rehabilitation in corrections?
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Study Notes
Corrections
- Corrections is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system, responsible for the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of convicted offenders.
- It encompasses all agencies, facilities, and programs involved in managing alleged or convicted offenders.
- Corrections is considered the weakest pillar due to its struggle in reforming and rehabilitating criminals.
Components of Corrections
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Institutional Corrections/Institution-Based Corrections:
- Includes prisons and jails, responsible for housing convicted individuals and those awaiting trial.
- Managed by various agencies:
- Bureau of Corrections (DOJ): manages national penitentiaries.
- Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (DILG): manages city, municipal, and district jails.
- Local Government Units: manage provincial and sub-provincial jails.
- Philippine National Police: maintains detention facilities in police stations.
-
Non-Institutional Corrections/Community-Based Corrections:
- Focuses on probation, parole, pardon, and other forms of executive clemency.
- Managed by:
- Parole and Probation Administration (PPA): investigates probation and pre-parole cases, supervises offenders, and promotes reintegration through community resources.
- Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP): grants parole and recommends executive clemency to the President.
- Department of Social Welfare and Development: provides care and rehabilitation services to youth and women in conflict with the law.
Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)
- A self-help program using the community as a therapeutic vehicle for behavioral and attitudinal change.
- Participants learn skills and responsibilities through structured activities to prepare for reintegration.
General Responsibilities of Corrections
- Maintaining institutions such as prisons, jails, and halfway houses.
- Protecting law-abiding citizens by containing convicted offenders.
- Rehabilitating and reforming offenders for reintegration into society.
- Detering crime through the experience of imprisonment and the fear of isolation.
Penology
- The study of jail management and administration, focusing on the rehabilitation of criminals.
- Derived from the Latin word "poena" meaning pain or suffering.
- Encompasses probation and penitentiary science, covering secure detention and retraining of offenders.
- Penologists develop strategies for crime control and implement them in real-world settings.
- Some criminologists view penology as a focus on rehabilitation and behavior modification.
Three Divisions of Criminology
- Sociology of Law: Examines the nature of crime from a legal perspective, studying the impact of laws and potential reforms to control crime.
- Criminal Etiology: Investigates the causes of crime, focusing on social and personal factors contributing to criminal behavior.
- Penology: Deals with the treatment of prisoners and their rehabilitation.
Primary Schools of Penology
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Classical School:
- Founded by Jeremy Bentham and Cesar Beccaria.
- Based on the "Doctrine of Psychological Hedonism" or "freewill," suggesting individuals make calculated decisions based on pleasure and pain.
-
Neo-Classical School:
- A modification of the Classical School, acknowledging that children and individuals with mental illness may lack the capacity for rational decision-making.
- Contributed to the concept of exempting circumstances, reduced punishment for partial freedom of will, and mitigated punishment for lack of full responsibility.
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Description
Explore the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system, focusing on corrections. This quiz covers the components of corrections, including institutional and non-institutional agencies responsible for managing offenders. Understand the challenges faced in reforming and rehabilitating criminals.