18 Questions
Which part of the brain connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
Who was the pioneer in the field of hemisphere specialization?
Roger Sperry
What brain disorder disrupts nerve cell activity and causes seizures?
Epilepsy
Which brain disorder involves a decline in intellectual functioning and memory loss?
Dementia
What is the name of the disease that interrupts communication between the brain and body?
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
What was discovered about the human brain as a result of the Split-Brain Experiment?
Two brains in one body
Which cerebral lobe is responsible for coordinating messages from other lobes, as well as higher-level cognitive functions like thinking and planning?
Frontal lobe
Which part of the brain is specialized for the control of fine movements, such as moving a finger?
Precentral gyrus
What area of the brain is associated with language comprehension and complex visual processing?
Temporal lobe
Which brain disorder is characterized by emotional dysregulation and impulsive behaviors linked to dysfunction within the limbic system?
Borderline Personality Disorder
What part of the brain is severely damaged in Phineas Gage due to an accidental blast?
Frontal lobe
Which brain phenomenon results from destruction of any part of the striate cortex?
Cortical Blindness
Which neurologic disorder involves the body's autoimmune response attacking the peripheral nervous system?
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
Which technique involves temporarily disrupting or enhancing the normal functioning of specific brain areas through electrical stimulation?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Which imaging technique is the method of choice when there is metal in the body or imaging possible skull fractures?
Computed Tomography (CT)
Which brain disorder is characterized by a sudden episode of facial paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the face?
Bell's palsy
Which imaging technique uses radio waves and magnetic fields to produce detailed images of the brain?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Which technique records the electrical activity of large groups of cortical neurons using scalp electrodes?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Study Notes
Brain Disorders
- Bell's palsy is a sudden and unexplained episode of facial paralysis or weakness, typically affecting one side of the face, also known as idiopathic facial palsy.
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurologic disorder where the body's autoimmune response attacks the peripheral nervous system.
Methods for Studying the Brain
- Brain Stimulation: temporarily disrupt or enhance normal brain functioning through electrical stimulation to study behavior and cognition changes.
- Invasive method: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS).
- Non-invasive method: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
- Neuroimaging Techniques:
- Computed Tomography (CT): maps "slices" of the brain to scan stroke damage, tumors, injuries, and abnormal brain structure.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): produces detailed brain images using radio waves and magnetic fields.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG): records electrical activity of cortical neurons using scalp electrodes.
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Individuals with BPD exhibit emotional dysregulation and impulsive behaviors, linked to limbic system dysfunction.
The Curious Case of Phineas Gage
- Phineas Gage's frontal lobe was severely damaged in 1848, affecting his personality and behavior.
The Lobes of the Brain
- Frontal lobe: coordinates messages from other cerebral lobes, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions, thinking, planning, and personality characteristics.
- Parietal lobe: integrates sensory information like touch and temperature, involved in spatial abilities, and essential for numerical information.
- Occipital lobe: processes visual information, primary visual cortex/striate cortex.
- Temporal lobe: involved in smell, hearing, balance, language comprehension, complex visual processing, and facial recognition.
Other Brain Disorders
- Cortical Blindness: destruction of any part of the striate cortex.
- Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges.
- Hydrocephalus: obstruction of CSF flow, accumulating in ventricles or subarachnoid space, increasing brain pressure.
- Dementia: memory loss and decline in intellectual functioning, interfering with daily tasks.
- Encephalitis: sudden brain swelling caused by viral infection.
- Epilepsy: disrupts nerve cell activity, causing seizures.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): unpredictable disease interrupting brain-body communication, causing muscle weakness, fatigue, and balance problems.
- Brain and nerve tumors: abnormal cell growths in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Test your knowledge on the corpus callosum, split-brain experiment, and other brain disorders like meningitis and hydrocephalus. Learn about hemisphere specialization and the groundbreaking research conducted by Roger Sperry.
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