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Questions and Answers
What decade is identified as the beginning of the modern era of social responsibility?
What decade is identified as the beginning of the modern era of social responsibility?
According to Frederick in 1960, what aspect should businessmen focus on regarding social responsibility?
According to Frederick in 1960, what aspect should businessmen focus on regarding social responsibility?
In the 1970s, what principle does CSR highlight according to Davis?
In the 1970s, what principle does CSR highlight according to Davis?
What did Carroll contribute to the field of CSR in 1977?
What did Carroll contribute to the field of CSR in 1977?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the definitions of social responsibility provided in the content?
Which of the following is NOT included in the definitions of social responsibility provided in the content?
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What characterized CSR literature in the 1980s?
What characterized CSR literature in the 1980s?
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According to the discussion on CSR, what is an essential requirement for being socially responsible?
According to the discussion on CSR, what is an essential requirement for being socially responsible?
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What is implied about businessmen's decisions according to Davis and Blomstorm in 1966?
What is implied about businessmen's decisions according to Davis and Blomstorm in 1966?
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What are the four parts of CSR as outlined by Carroll in 1983?
What are the four parts of CSR as outlined by Carroll in 1983?
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How does the Asian view of CSR define a company's commitment?
How does the Asian view of CSR define a company's commitment?
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According to ISO, what is one of the responsibilities of an organization regarding social responsibility?
According to ISO, what is one of the responsibilities of an organization regarding social responsibility?
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What is the primary focus of the UN Global Compact?
What is the primary focus of the UN Global Compact?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of the UN Global Compact?
Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of the UN Global Compact?
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of corporate social responsibility?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of corporate social responsibility?
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What defines the approach of CSR according to the European Commission?
What defines the approach of CSR according to the European Commission?
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What aspect of CSR is highlighted by the ISO definition?
What aspect of CSR is highlighted by the ISO definition?
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What is one of the key environmental requirements for accommodation establishments?
What is one of the key environmental requirements for accommodation establishments?
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Which social requirement focuses on the financial well-being of individuals within local communities?
Which social requirement focuses on the financial well-being of individuals within local communities?
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What is an important economic requirement related to guest experience at accommodation establishments?
What is an important economic requirement related to guest experience at accommodation establishments?
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Which of the following is considered an environmental concern in sustainability management?
Which of the following is considered an environmental concern in sustainability management?
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What role do CSR standards play in industries related to accommodation establishments?
What role do CSR standards play in industries related to accommodation establishments?
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In terms of environmental management, why is energy efficiency important for accommodation establishments?
In terms of environmental management, why is energy efficiency important for accommodation establishments?
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What aspect of local communities is highlighted as a social requirement for accommodation establishments?
What aspect of local communities is highlighted as a social requirement for accommodation establishments?
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Which of the following encompasses the management of hazardous substances in sustainability practices?
Which of the following encompasses the management of hazardous substances in sustainability practices?
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What is considered hard disclosure in an organisation?
What is considered hard disclosure in an organisation?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethical behaviour in an organisation?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethical behaviour in an organisation?
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Why should an organisation promote ethical behaviour?
Why should an organisation promote ethical behaviour?
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What is expected from an organisation in terms of stakeholder respect?
What is expected from an organisation in terms of stakeholder respect?
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Which of the following actions supports transparency in an organisation?
Which of the following actions supports transparency in an organisation?
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What does respect for the rule of law entail for an organisation?
What does respect for the rule of law entail for an organisation?
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Which action can an organisation take to encourage ethical behaviour?
Which action can an organisation take to encourage ethical behaviour?
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How should an organisation handle conflicts of interest?
How should an organisation handle conflicts of interest?
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What is the primary focus of Stakeholder Relationship Management (SRM) theory?
What is the primary focus of Stakeholder Relationship Management (SRM) theory?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a typical stakeholder?
Which of the following is NOT considered a typical stakeholder?
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What mechanism can companies use to engage with stakeholders?
What mechanism can companies use to engage with stakeholders?
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Which statement about CSR labels is accurate?
Which statement about CSR labels is accurate?
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What is a key requirement for a valid standard according to the content?
What is a key requirement for a valid standard according to the content?
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What is one potential disadvantage of codes or standards mentioned in the content?
What is one potential disadvantage of codes or standards mentioned in the content?
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What is the role of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)?
What is the role of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)?
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What is a characteristic of codes developed by organizations?
What is a characteristic of codes developed by organizations?
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What is the primary purpose of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)?
What is the primary purpose of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)?
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Which of the following best describes EU Organic Farming?
Which of the following best describes EU Organic Farming?
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What does the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) primarily focus on?
What does the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) primarily focus on?
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How does BREEAM contribute to sustainability in the built environment?
How does BREEAM contribute to sustainability in the built environment?
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What are the main themes of the GSTC hotel criteria?
What are the main themes of the GSTC hotel criteria?
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Which of the following best describes ISO 21401?
Which of the following best describes ISO 21401?
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What is a key result expected from implementing the GSTC standards in tourism?
What is a key result expected from implementing the GSTC standards in tourism?
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Which certification focuses on a whole-building approach to sustainability?
Which certification focuses on a whole-building approach to sustainability?
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Flashcards
Social Responsibilities of Businessmen
Social Responsibilities of Businessmen
The obligations of businesses to consider the needs and values of society beyond their immediate economic and technical interests.
Social Responsibilities: 1960s
Social Responsibilities: 1960s
An expansion of the definition of social responsibility, suggesting that businesses should be concerned with achieving societal expectations.
Social Responsibilities: 1960s (McGuire)
Social Responsibilities: 1960s (McGuire)
Corporations have obligations to society that go beyond legal and economic considerations.
Social Responsibility: 1960s (Davis and Blomstorm)
Social Responsibility: 1960s (Davis and Blomstorm)
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Social Responsibilities: 1970s (Davis)
Social Responsibilities: 1970s (Davis)
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Social Responsibilities: 1970s (Carroll)
Social Responsibilities: 1970s (Carroll)
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Corporate Social Responsibility: 1980s
Corporate Social Responsibility: 1980s
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Corporate Social Responsibility: 1980s (Shift in Focus)
Corporate Social Responsibility: 1980s (Shift in Focus)
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Transparency in Business
Transparency in Business
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Ethical Behavior in Organizations
Ethical Behavior in Organizations
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Respect for Stakeholders
Respect for Stakeholders
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Respect for the Rule of Law
Respect for the Rule of Law
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Hard Disclosure
Hard Disclosure
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Soft Disclosure
Soft Disclosure
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Transparency of Activities
Transparency of Activities
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Transparency in Decision Making
Transparency in Decision Making
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
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European Commission's Definition of CSR
European Commission's Definition of CSR
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Asian View of CSR
Asian View of CSR
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ISO's Definition of Social Responsibility
ISO's Definition of Social Responsibility
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UN Global Compact
UN Global Compact
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Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact
Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact
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UN Global Compact Objectives
UN Global Compact Objectives
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Social Actors in UN Global Compact
Social Actors in UN Global Compact
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Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
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EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
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EU Organic Farming
EU Organic Farming
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LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)
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BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method)
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Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)
Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)
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ISO 21401 Sustainable Accommodation
ISO 21401 Sustainable Accommodation
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GSTC Industry Criteria (Hotels)
GSTC Industry Criteria (Hotels)
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Sustainability management system for accommodation establishments
Sustainability management system for accommodation establishments
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Preparation and response to environmental emergencies
Preparation and response to environmental emergencies
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Natural areas, biodiversity, flora and fauna
Natural areas, biodiversity, flora and fauna
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Architecture and local construction impact
Architecture and local construction impact
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Waste, water, and energy management
Waste, water, and energy management
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Local communities, work and income, health and education
Local communities, work and income, health and education
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Economic viability, quality and guest satisfaction
Economic viability, quality and guest satisfaction
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Health and safety of guests and workers
Health and safety of guests and workers
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Code (Ethics, Conduct)
Code (Ethics, Conduct)
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CSR Standard
CSR Standard
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Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)
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CSR Standard
CSR Standard
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Stakeholders
Stakeholders
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Stakeholder Engagement
Stakeholder Engagement
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Label
Label
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Legitimacy
Legitimacy
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Competitive Advantage (CSR)
Competitive Advantage (CSR)
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Benefits of CSR
Benefits of CSR
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Stakeholder Concerns
Stakeholder Concerns
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Stakeholder Identification
Stakeholder Identification
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Stakeholder Dialogue
Stakeholder Dialogue
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Implementing CSR
Implementing CSR
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CSR Reporting
CSR Reporting
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Study Notes
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
- CSR began in the 1950s, with the notion of the obligations of businessmen to act in ways desirable for society.
- By the 1960s, CSR expanded to include decisions and actions taken by businesses for reasons beyond the firm's economic interests.
- Social responsibilities encompassed ensuring an economic system fulfilling public expectations (Frederick, 1960).
- McGuire (1963) identified additional societal responsibilities beyond economic and legal obligations.
- Davis and Blomstorm (1966) highlighted the obligation for businessmen to consider the needs of others affected by business decisions.
- In the 1970s, social responsibility was seen as going beyond legal requirements, where the law ends, responsibility begins (Davis, 1973).
- Carroll (1977) introduced Corporate Social Performance (CSP) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concepts.
- The 1980s saw a focus on the conduct of business, the ethical aspect, and the extent of support to society by the firm (Carroll, 1983).
- The 1990s saw the evolution of CSR as a concept that included economic, legal, ethical, and voluntary components.
The 1990s and Beyond
- Carroll's CSR pyramid illustrates the progression from economic to ethical to legal to philanthropic responsibilities.
- The European Commission (2010) defined CSR as companies integrating social and environmental concerns in operations and interactions with stakeholders voluntarily.
- Asian perspectives of CSR emphasise economic, social, and environmental sustainability, balancing stakeholder interests (Fukukawa, 2010).
- The ISO (2010) defines social responsibility as an organization's actions affecting society. This includes contributing to sustainability and ethical behavior.
The UN Global Compact
- Introduced in 2000, the UN Global Compact is a strategic initiative to align business operations with ten principles related to human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.
- The Global Compact involves various stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, and the United Nations.
- The ten principles cover principles related to human rights, labour, the environment, and anti-corruption.
Stakeholder Engagement
- Stakeholder management (SRM) is a way for companies to manage relationships with stakeholders such as employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, and governments.
- Companies with strong SRM improve their reputation and reduce risk premiums. (Cornell and Shapiro, 1987)
- Stakeholders are any group or individual with an interest in the organization's decisions or activities, including those indirectly affected.
- Clarkson (1995) proposed stakeholder management that companies should focus on their primary stakeholders instead of addressing society at large.
CSR in Specific Industries (e.g., Hotels)
- International standards and guidelines (e.g., GSTC, ISO 21401, LEED) exist specifying environmental, social, and economic requirements for sustainable businesses.
- Examples of certification efforts include, but are not limited to, Fair Labor Association, GRI, SA8000, MSC
Conclusion
- CSR is a multifaceted concept that has continued to evolve over time to encompass the interplay between the organization's internal and external stakeholders.
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