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Questions and Answers
What is the rating symbol used by CARE for the highest safety level for debentures?
What is the rating symbol used by CARE for the highest safety level for debentures?
What are the four categories of business risk?
What are the four categories of business risk?
Which rating agency uses the symbol 'LAAA' for the highest safety level of debentures?
Which rating agency uses the symbol 'LAAA' for the highest safety level of debentures?
What is the primary focus of Corporate Governance Ratings?
What is the primary focus of Corporate Governance Ratings?
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What is the key takeaway about a successful business in the context of strategic risk?
What is the key takeaway about a successful business in the context of strategic risk?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor considered by credit rating agencies when evaluating a company's business risk?
Which of the following is NOT a factor considered by credit rating agencies when evaluating a company's business risk?
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Which rating agency uses the symbol 'D' to indicate a default?
Which rating agency uses the symbol 'D' to indicate a default?
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What is the main objective of credit rating companies, according to the text?
What is the main objective of credit rating companies, according to the text?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when evaluating a company for a credit rating?
Which of the following is NOT a factor considered when evaluating a company for a credit rating?
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What is the role of the Rating Committee in the credit rating process?
What is the role of the Rating Committee in the credit rating process?
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What is the purpose of the 'Rating Watch' status?
What is the purpose of the 'Rating Watch' status?
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Which of these statements correctly describes the communication process during a credit rating evaluation?
Which of these statements correctly describes the communication process during a credit rating evaluation?
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What is the process for updating a credit rating after it has been assigned?
What is the process for updating a credit rating after it has been assigned?
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What is the primary purpose of credit ratings?
What is the primary purpose of credit ratings?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of entity that may receive a credit rating?
Which of the following is NOT a type of entity that may receive a credit rating?
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What kind of rating is assigned to Multinational Corporations (MNCs) based on guarantees from banks or other financial institutions?
What kind of rating is assigned to Multinational Corporations (MNCs) based on guarantees from banks or other financial institutions?
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What is a potential consequence of an employee making an error, such as paying out $100,000 instead of $10,000?
What is a potential consequence of an employee making an error, such as paying out $100,000 instead of $10,000?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of financial risk discussed in the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of financial risk discussed in the provided text?
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Which aspect of operational risk highlights the importance of well-defined processes and employee training?
Which aspect of operational risk highlights the importance of well-defined processes and employee training?
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Why is political risk considered a form of financial risk?
Why is political risk considered a form of financial risk?
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What is a potential outcome of a company successfully implementing advanced manufacturing technologies?
What is a potential outcome of a company successfully implementing advanced manufacturing technologies?
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What is the MAIN reason why General Motors' closure of a project in India could be considered a reputational risk?
What is the MAIN reason why General Motors' closure of a project in India could be considered a reputational risk?
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In the context of credit ratings, which of the following BEST describes the 'test of ordinality'?
In the context of credit ratings, which of the following BEST describes the 'test of ordinality'?
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How does the example of Indian banks opening e-trading accounts illustrate a positive impact on reputation?
How does the example of Indian banks opening e-trading accounts illustrate a positive impact on reputation?
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Based on the provided table, what is the approximate average cumulative default rate for firms with a 'CRISIL BBB' rating over a three-year period?
Based on the provided table, what is the approximate average cumulative default rate for firms with a 'CRISIL BBB' rating over a three-year period?
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Which of the following is a factor that can directly affect a company's credit rating?
Which of the following is a factor that can directly affect a company's credit rating?
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What is the implication of a high transition rate for credit ratings within a particular sector?
What is the implication of a high transition rate for credit ratings within a particular sector?
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What is the primary benefit of stable credit ratings for investors?
What is the primary benefit of stable credit ratings for investors?
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Which of the following factors is NOT explicitly mentioned in the text as being important for credit rating agencies?
Which of the following factors is NOT explicitly mentioned in the text as being important for credit rating agencies?
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What is the term used to describe the rate that expresses changes in ratings over a specific period as a percentage?
What is the term used to describe the rate that expresses changes in ratings over a specific period as a percentage?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the CAMELS model used for credit rating evaluation?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the CAMELS model used for credit rating evaluation?
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Who among the following would likely benefit the least from credit rating services?
Who among the following would likely benefit the least from credit rating services?
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Which of these options is NOT a characteristic generally attributed to credit ratings?
Which of these options is NOT a characteristic generally attributed to credit ratings?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a challenge faced by credit rating agencies in India?
Which of the following is NOT considered a challenge faced by credit rating agencies in India?
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Which of these potential solutions is NOT aimed at addressing issues plaguing credit rating agencies?
Which of these potential solutions is NOT aimed at addressing issues plaguing credit rating agencies?
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Which of the following aspects is NOT typically addressed in the detailed explanation of the 'Credit rating process usually practiced in India by Credit Rating Agencies'?
Which of the following aspects is NOT typically addressed in the detailed explanation of the 'Credit rating process usually practiced in India by Credit Rating Agencies'?
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What is the main focus of the 'business risk' section in credit rating assessments?
What is the main focus of the 'business risk' section in credit rating assessments?
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What is considered a significant factor in operational risk?
What is considered a significant factor in operational risk?
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Which of the following risks could lead to financial loss due to a government action in a foreign country?
Which of the following risks could lead to financial loss due to a government action in a foreign country?
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How can reputational impact be defined in the context of business risk?
How can reputational impact be defined in the context of business risk?
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What is a key aspect of counter party risk?
What is a key aspect of counter party risk?
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What effect might adding related products have on a company’s reputation?
What effect might adding related products have on a company’s reputation?
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Which factor is NOT categorized under financial risk?
Which factor is NOT categorized under financial risk?
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What is a typical result of operational efficiencies within a company?
What is a typical result of operational efficiencies within a company?
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How might political risk indirectly influence financial outcomes for investors?
How might political risk indirectly influence financial outcomes for investors?
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Which of these risk categories is NOT associated with credit rating?
Which of these risk categories is NOT associated with credit rating?
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One of the primary objectives of a credit rating is to help investors with:
One of the primary objectives of a credit rating is to help investors with:
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Camel Model of Credit Rating?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Camel Model of Credit Rating?
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What is the significance of the US sub-prime crisis in relation to Credit Rating Agencies?
What is the significance of the US sub-prime crisis in relation to Credit Rating Agencies?
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Which of these is a potential benefit of credit rating for issuers?
Which of these is a potential benefit of credit rating for issuers?
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Which component of credit rating methodology analyzes financial statements and ratios to assess the issuer's financial health?
Which component of credit rating methodology analyzes financial statements and ratios to assess the issuer's financial health?
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What is the primary purpose of rating revisions in the context of credit rating?
What is the primary purpose of rating revisions in the context of credit rating?
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Which of the following is NOT a limitation of credit rating agencies?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of credit rating agencies?
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Flashcards
Operational Risk
Operational Risk
Risk arising from human error or process failure within a company.
Reputational Risk
Reputational Risk
Risk of damage to a company's reputation following strategic decisions.
Financial Risk
Financial Risk
Unexpected changes in financial conditions affecting a company.
Counter Party Risk
Counter Party Risk
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Political Risk
Political Risk
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Interest Rate Risk
Interest Rate Risk
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Currency Risk
Currency Risk
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Accounting Risk
Accounting Risk
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Historical Performance
Historical Performance
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Competitive Position
Competitive Position
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Business Risk Profile
Business Risk Profile
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Rating Committee
Rating Committee
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Communication to Management
Communication to Management
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Monitoring of Assigned Rating
Monitoring of Assigned Rating
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Rating Watch
Rating Watch
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Rating Coverage
Rating Coverage
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Credit Rating
Credit Rating
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Rating Services
Rating Services
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Uses of Credit Rating
Uses of Credit Rating
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Credit Rating Process
Credit Rating Process
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Camel Model
Camel Model
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Credit Rating Agencies
Credit Rating Agencies
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Limitations of Credit Rating Agencies
Limitations of Credit Rating Agencies
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Sub-Prime Crisis
Sub-Prime Crisis
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Corporate Governance Ratings
Corporate Governance Ratings
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Rating Scores
Rating Scores
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AAA Rating
AAA Rating
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Credit Rating Modifiers
Credit Rating Modifiers
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Business Risk
Business Risk
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Strategic Risk
Strategic Risk
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Inverse Correlation
Inverse Correlation
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Cumulative Default Rate (CDR)
Cumulative Default Rate (CDR)
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CRISIL Ratings
CRISIL Ratings
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Transition Rates
Transition Rates
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Credit Rating Stability
Credit Rating Stability
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Least Utility of Credit Ratings
Least Utility of Credit Ratings
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Dynamic Credit Rating
Dynamic Credit Rating
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Conflict of Interest
Conflict of Interest
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Poor Rating Quality
Poor Rating Quality
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Solution for Rating Challenges
Solution for Rating Challenges
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Rating Services Provided
Rating Services Provided
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Study Notes
Chapter 13: Credit Rating
- Credit rating represents the rating agency's opinion on the instrument's likelihood of default.
- It's not an insurance against default; an opinion only.
- Credit ratings are commonly used for debt instruments, not equity.
- Rating agencies use various factors beyond just performance to assess credit risk.
- They consider macroeconomic factors and business environment risk.
- Credit ratings continuously evolve based on new information.
Chapter Overview
- Rating services, objectives, and types are covered
- Uses of credit rating for investors and issuers are discussed
- Credit rating process is outlined
- Credit rating methodologies like the CAMELS model are explored
- Rating revisions, agencies in India and abroad, are examined
- Effects of the US sub-prime crisis on credit rating agencies are considered
- Limitations of credit rating agencies are detailed
- Contemporary aspects of credit rating are noted for today's world
What is Credit Rating?
- A credit rating is a rating agency's opinion on the likelihood of default on a borrower's obligations on the principal and interest payment.
- It uses a simple alphanumeric symbol for rating.
- It is not a guarantee of performance, merely an opinion.
- It's not responsible for evaluation of the rated entity, not investment recommendation, and doesn't guarantee legal compliance audits.
Rating Services/Types of Credit Ratings
- Credit rating agencies provide various services, including corporate sector ratings, financial sector ratings, and structured finance ratings. Examples like CRISIL are included.
Objectives of Credit Rating
- Helps investors make sound investment decisions by evaluating risk.
- Assists investors with comparing different financial assets.
- Saves time and cost for investors.
- Helps companies meet regulatory obligations.
- Raises capital at lower interest rates.
- Improves company image and goodwill.
Uses of Credit Rating
- Investors make better investment decisions.
- Independent analyses for Mutual Funds.
- Compares alternatives.
- Saves time for investors.
- Companies meet regulatory requirements.
- Helps raise capital.
- Improves goodwill.
Credit Rating Process
- Involves a three-stage process: Initial request, internal analysis, and review/comments.
- Uses multiple factors like issuer ability to pay, strength of claim, and economic industry aspects.
CRISIL Ratings Process
- Rating team is assigned, information is gathered, and preliminary analysis is carried out.
- Interaction with the management happens.
- An analysis is presented to the rating committee.
- Rating is assigned and communicated to the issuer.
- Appeal process exists.
- Details of unaccepted ratings are disclosed on the website.
Business Risk
- Strategic Risk involves evaluating a company's strategy's effectiveness; changes in the business model can result in either success or failure
- Compliance Risk arises when a company fails to adhere to existing rules and regulations.
- Operational Risk happens when internal issues create problems.
- Reputational Risk emerges when a company's reputation is damaged by any incident.
Financial Risk
- Counterparty risk.
- Political risk.
- Foreign exchange risk.
- Interest rate risk.
- Accounting risk.
Other Notes
- Discusses various CAMELS(Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity) model aspects concerning various rating aspects.
- Notes the limitations of credit rating agencies, such as conflict of interest and changes in rating.
- Expands on the idea of contemporary rating agencies.
- Describes the actions in the US sub-prime crisis and their effects.
- Explains the methodology of credit rating by agencies, including the rating process and other factors that impact it.
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Description
Test your knowledge on corporate governance ratings and credit rating processes. This quiz covers various aspects of credit rating agencies, including rating symbols, business risks, and the evaluation process. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these important concepts in finance.