Coronary Circulation Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary function of the coronary circulation?

To remove waste products from the blood
To regulate heart rate
To supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients (correct)
To distribute hormones throughout the body

Which artery branches off the aorta and supplies blood to the heart's left side?

Left circumflex artery (correct)
Pulmonary artery
Right marginal artery
Coronary sinus

Which condition is likely to increase heart rate?

Sedentary behavior
High levels of hydration
Elevated body temperature (correct)
Reduced environmental temperature

Where does the right coronary artery primarily travel?

Along the right AV sulcus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are anastomoses in the coronary circulation?

Direct connections between small branches of coronary arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of collateral circulation?

Alternative blood supply if a major artery is obstructed (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does aerobic exercise play in coronary circulation?

It promotes the development of collateral channels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood flows through the left anterior descending artery?

Oxygenated blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes heart sounds during the cardiac cycle?

Valve closure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressures in the left ventricle and the aorta during blood pumping?

Left ventricular pressure must be greater than diastolic pressure in the aorta (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of collateral circulation?

It enhances oxygen supply to heart tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a pulse deficit?

Higher apical pulse rate than radial pulse rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is the 'lubb' sound produced?

At the start of ventricular systole (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does an electrocardiogram contribute to understanding heart function?

Provides information about electrical activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement reflects the volume of blood pumped per minute by the heart?

Cardiac output (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the right ventricle pumps more blood into pulmonary circulation than the left ventricle into systemic circulation?

Increased pulmonary pressure and congestion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What function does the heart perform in the cardiovascular system?

Pumps circulating blood through the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the atria from the ventricles?

Atrioventricular valves (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pericardial sac?

To protect and facilitate the movements of the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect can hypertension have on the body?

Kidney dysfunction, among others (A) Signup and view all the answers

What connects cardiac muscle fibers and allows rapid transmission of impulses?

Intercalated discs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes the left ventricle from the right ventricle?

It has a thicker wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart ensures one-way blood flow?

Valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What part of the heart is directly responsible for initiating cardiac contractions?

Myocardial fibers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with hypertensive conditions?

Risk of heart attack or stroke (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart is in relaxation?

Diastole (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do the AV valves close due to increased pressure in the ventricles?

Isovolumetric contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens immediately after the ventricles begin to contract?

AV valves close (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes the state of all valves during the isovolumetric phase?

All valves are closed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do the semilunar valves play during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

Prevent backflow into the ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if there is a blockage in the left coronary artery?

Impaired left ventricle pumping leading to congestive heart failure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the atria’s role during the cardiac cycle?

They fill with blood and assist in ventricular filling. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the ventricular relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

Ventricles empty and aortic and pulmonary valves close (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the pressure exerted by blood when ejected from the left ventricle?

Systolic Pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect blood pressure?

Skin Temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure typically measured?

With a sphygmomanometer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure if the diameter of blood vessels decreases?

Blood pressure increases (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

CO = HR $ imes$ SV (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does systemic vasoconstriction have on blood pressure?

It increases blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does pulse pressure represent?

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the cardiac conduction system?

To generate impulses and set the heart rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that affects cardiac output?

Heart Rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the delay at the AV node?

To enable complete ventricular filling (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cardiac conduction system is responsible for carrying impulses to the ventricles?

AV bundle (bundle of His) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which wave in an ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS wave (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems affect heart rate?

Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic stimulation decreases it. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do baroreceptors play in the cardiac control system?

They detect changes in blood pressure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect do beta blockers have on the heart?

They prevent increases in rate and contraction force. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the T wave of an ECG?

Ventricular repolarization occurs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in North America?

Heart disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which test is primarily used for diagnosing arrhythmias and myocardial infarctions?

Electrocardiogram (ECG) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common heart conditions mentioned?

Hypertensive heart disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to evaluate the shape and size of the heart?

Chest X-ray (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which preventive measure is NOT recommended for heart disease?

Increased alcohol consumption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does echocardiography use to create images of the heart?

Ultrasound waves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of test evaluates cardiovascular function through physical activity?

Exercise stress tests (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which test records sounds resulting from heart activity?

Phonocardiography (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of coronary angiography?

To visualize and identify blockages in coronary arteries (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a significant elevation in troponin levels indicate?

Severe cardiac muscle damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is NOT a part of general treatment measures for cardiac disorders?

Increasing alcohol consumption (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does machine learning play in ECG interpretation?

It offers more precise interpretations than trained physicians (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood tests would be essential for determining a patient's acid-base balance?

Arterial blood gas analysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dietary changes is recommended for improving heart health?

Reducing sodium intake (C) Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic interventions can be performed during coronary angiography?

Breaking down blood clots with thrombolytic agents (B) Signup and view all the answers

Regular exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular function because it can

Lower lipid levels and increase HDL (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of using vasodilators like nitroglycerin?

Dizziness (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is categorized as a beta blocker?

Atenolol (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?

Decrease cardiac contractility (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with digoxin therapy?

Toxicity at effective doses (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is considered preferred for managing hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF)?

ACE Inhibitors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers like losartan?

Lower blood pressure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications removes excess sodium and water through the kidneys?

Hydrochlorothiazide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for anticoagulants like warfarin?

Reduce risk of clot formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effects are commonly associated with Metoprolol?

Dizziness and fatigue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Warfarin?

Inhibits vitamin K synthesis for clotting (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used specifically for treating angina attacks?

Nitroglycerin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is Digoxin primarily used to treat?

Congestive heart failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class does Simvastatin belong to?

Cholesterol-lowering drugs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with the use of Nifedipine?

Hypotension (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Apixaban and similar drugs is true?

They are oral blood thinners (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of using Furosemide?

Headache (A) Signup and view all the answers

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Specialized tissue in the right atrium that initiates heartbeats, often called the pacemaker of the heart.

Sinus Rhythm

The rate at which the SA node generates impulses, which is typically around 70 beats per minute.

Atrial Conduction Pathways

The pathway that electrical impulses travel through to cause atrial contraction.

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

The only connection between the atria and ventricles, acting as a gatekeeper for electrical impulses.