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Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe macrophages that have engulfed LDL particles?
What is the term used to describe macrophages that have engulfed LDL particles?
- Foam cells (correct)
- Smooth muscle cells
- Fatty streaks
- Endothelial cells
What is the term for the fibrous cap that covers a growing atheroma?
What is the term for the fibrous cap that covers a growing atheroma?
- Foam cells
- Smooth muscle cells
- Elastin
- Interstitial collagen (correct)
What is the characteristic feature of longstanding atheromas?
What is the characteristic feature of longstanding atheromas?
- Fatty streaks
- LDL particle entry
- Endothelial permeability
- Calcium accumulation (correct)
What term is often used to refer to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ASCAD)?
What term is often used to refer to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ASCAD)?
What refers to the cardiac consequences of insufficient coronary blood supply to meet myocardial needs?
What refers to the cardiac consequences of insufficient coronary blood supply to meet myocardial needs?
Which of the following factors influences the development of ASCAD?
Which of the following factors influences the development of ASCAD?
What started as a cohort study in 1948 involving Americans aged 28-62 with no history of heart attack or stroke?
What started as a cohort study in 1948 involving Americans aged 28-62 with no history of heart attack or stroke?
What is a characteristic feature of the plaques vulnerable to rupture in acute coronary syndromes?
What is a characteristic feature of the plaques vulnerable to rupture in acute coronary syndromes?
In the context of acute coronary syndrome, what may lead to myocardial ischemia on minimal exertion or at rest?
In the context of acute coronary syndrome, what may lead to myocardial ischemia on minimal exertion or at rest?
How is Chronic Coronary Syndrome categorized?
How is Chronic Coronary Syndrome categorized?
Which diagnostic test is essential in the quick diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome?
Which diagnostic test is essential in the quick diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome?
What is a key factor that may indicate an acute coronary syndrome?
What is a key factor that may indicate an acute coronary syndrome?
Why is education of patients and their families essential in cases of acute coronary syndrome?
Why is education of patients and their families essential in cases of acute coronary syndrome?
Which of the following statements about angina is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about angina is most accurate?
What is the purpose of summoning an advanced life support ambulance upon a 911 responder's arrival in cases suggesting myocardial infarction?
What is the purpose of summoning an advanced life support ambulance upon a 911 responder's arrival in cases suggesting myocardial infarction?
What is the characteristic quality of discomfort experienced during angina?
What is the characteristic quality of discomfort experienced during angina?
What is crucial for making a quick diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in Vancouver and many cities?
What is crucial for making a quick diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in Vancouver and many cities?
What is a common 'angina equivalent' symptom that some patients may experience?
What is a common 'angina equivalent' symptom that some patients may experience?
What are likely precipitating factors for angina discomfort?
What are likely precipitating factors for angina discomfort?
Why does angina typically occur when there is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply?
Why does angina typically occur when there is an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply?
What is one common symptom that may accompany angina?
What is one common symptom that may accompany angina?
When is angina likely to be more readily precipitated?
When is angina likely to be more readily precipitated?
What is the primary basis for making a diagnosis of angina?
What is the primary basis for making a diagnosis of angina?
What is the biomarker of choice for diagnosing acute cardiac events?
What is the biomarker of choice for diagnosing acute cardiac events?
Which enzyme may be used as an alternative to troponin in some situations?
Which enzyme may be used as an alternative to troponin in some situations?
What action is typically taken if a patient presents with ST elevation in the clinical setting of an ACS?
What action is typically taken if a patient presents with ST elevation in the clinical setting of an ACS?
What diagnosis is assigned to a patient with NSTE-ACS who has no elevation of troponin?
What diagnosis is assigned to a patient with NSTE-ACS who has no elevation of troponin?
Which of the following stimuli is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of endothelial irritation in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease (ASCAD)?
Which of the following stimuli is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of endothelial irritation in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease (ASCAD)?
In CAD spectrum, which condition is characterized by a sequence of endothelial irritation followed by the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial surface?
In CAD spectrum, which condition is characterized by a sequence of endothelial irritation followed by the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelial surface?
What is the underlying pathophysiology discussed for unstable angina in the CAD spectrum?
What is the underlying pathophysiology discussed for unstable angina in the CAD spectrum?
Which stage of CAD spectrum is characterized by adhesion of circulating monocytes that may migrate through the endothelium and into the intima where they transform into macrophages?
Which stage of CAD spectrum is characterized by adhesion of circulating monocytes that may migrate through the endothelium and into the intima where they transform into macrophages?
Which condition in the CAD spectrum presents with clinical similarities to unstable angina but with elevated cardiac biomarkers?
Which condition in the CAD spectrum presents with clinical similarities to unstable angina but with elevated cardiac biomarkers?
Which type of cardiovascular disease involves diseases of the heart and vasculature, including peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular disease?
Which type of cardiovascular disease involves diseases of the heart and vasculature, including peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular disease?
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