Cornea and Diopters in Eye Anatomy

Cornea

• Derived from the Greek word "Kerato," meaning horn or shield.
• Serves as the most crucial refractive medium of the eye.

Diopters Calculation

• The formula to calculate diopters is D = 1/focal length in meters.

Defense Mechanisms

• Combines mechanical, anatomical, and immunological defense mechanisms to protect the eye.
• Eyelids and reflexive blinking are key components of these defenses.

Keratitis

• An emergent disorder that can result in irreversible vision loss if untreated.
• Diagnosis relies on patient history and clinical findings, often confirmed through slit-lamp examination and mandatory culture of the organism.

Herpes Virus Types

• Two main herpes virus types of concern in ophthalmology:
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
  • Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV)
• HSV has two divisions:
  • Above the diaphragm infections
  • Below the diaphragm infections
• Isolated cases of type 2 HSV infections can occur in the eye.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

• Double-stranded DNA virus that causes diseases via direct contact with skin or mucous membranes.
• Transmission occurs through virus-laden secretions from infected individuals.
• Once in tissue, the virus spreads to neuronal cell bodies, where it can remain dormant for years before reactivation.

This quiz explores the structure and function of the cornea, derived from the Greek word for horn. It also covers the formula for calculating diopters, providing insights into the refractive media of the eye. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in ocular science.