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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cornea in the eye?
What is the primary function of the cornea in the eye?
- To assist in color perception
- To protect the eye from dust and pathogens
- To serve as the most important refractive media (correct)
- To produce tears for lubrication
From which Greek word is 'cornea' derived?
From which Greek word is 'cornea' derived?
- Hyalos
- Lentis
- Optos
- Keratós (correct)
How is the refractive power of a lens measured?
How is the refractive power of a lens measured?
- In millimeters
- In diopters (correct)
- In radians
- In centimeters
What is the formula used to calculate diopters based on focal length?
What is the formula used to calculate diopters based on focal length?
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Which of the following statements about the cornea is true?
Which of the following statements about the cornea is true?
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Study Notes
Cornea
- Derived from the Greek word "Kerato," meaning horn or shield.
- Serves as the most crucial refractive medium of the eye.
Diopters Calculation
- The formula to calculate diopters is D = 1/focal length in meters.
Defense Mechanisms
- Combines mechanical, anatomical, and immunological defense mechanisms to protect the eye.
- Eyelids and reflexive blinking are key components of these defenses.
Keratitis
- An emergent disorder that can result in irreversible vision loss if untreated.
- Diagnosis relies on patient history and clinical findings, often confirmed through slit-lamp examination and mandatory culture of the organism.
Herpes Virus Types
- Two main herpes virus types of concern in ophthalmology:
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV)
- HSV has two divisions:
- Above the diaphragm infections
- Below the diaphragm infections
- Isolated cases of type 2 HSV infections can occur in the eye.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Double-stranded DNA virus that causes diseases via direct contact with skin or mucous membranes.
- Transmission occurs through virus-laden secretions from infected individuals.
- Once in tissue, the virus spreads to neuronal cell bodies, where it can remain dormant for years before reactivation.
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