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Questions and Answers
Protochordata includes general characteristics of ______, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata.
Protochordata includes general characteristics of ______, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata.
Hemichordata
In Urochordata, ______ metamorphosis is a significant developmental process.
In Urochordata, ______ metamorphosis is a significant developmental process.
retrogressive
The evolutionary significance of ______ is notable in the study of Dipnoi.
The evolutionary significance of ______ is notable in the study of Dipnoi.
lungfish
The ______ is known as a connecting link between reptiles and birds.
The ______ is known as a connecting link between reptiles and birds.
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Adaptive radiation in mammals often refers to variations in ______ appendages.
Adaptive radiation in mammals often refers to variations in ______ appendages.
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The study of ______ is important in understanding zoogeographical realms.
The study of ______ is important in understanding zoogeographical realms.
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The classification of fishes includes classes like Chondrichthyes and ______.
The classification of fishes includes classes like Chondrichthyes and ______.
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A key characteristic of reptiles includes their ______ adaptation.
A key characteristic of reptiles includes their ______ adaptation.
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Parental care is exhibited in both fishes and ______.
Parental care is exhibited in both fishes and ______.
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One practical study includes examining ______ for identification of poisonous and non-poisonous species.
One practical study includes examining ______ for identification of poisonous and non-poisonous species.
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Study Notes
Core Paper V: Diversity and Distribution of Chordates
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Unit 1: Protochordates and Origin of Chordates
- Protochordates include Hemichordata, Urochordata, and Cephalochordata
- Study larval forms and retrogressive metamorphosis in Urochordata
- General characteristics and outline classification of Chordata
- Dipleurula concept and the Echinoderm theory of chordate origin
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Unit 2: Agnatha, Pisces & Amphibia
- General characteristics of Agnatha (cyclostomes)
- Classification up to class Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
- Migration patterns, parental care, and accessory respiratory organs in fishes
- Evolutionary significance of Dipnoi
- Amphibian origin, terrestrial ectotherm characteristics, and order classification
- Parental care in amphibians
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Unit 3: Reptilia & Aves
- General characteristics and classification up to order in reptiles
- Affinities of Sphenodon
- Poison apparatus and biting mechanisms in snakes
- General characteristics and classification of Aves (up to order)
- Flight adaptations and migration in birds
- Archaeopteryx as a connecting link
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Unit 4: Mammals & Zoogeography
- General characteristics and classification up to order in mammals
- Affinities of Prototheria
- Adaptive radiation, locomotion appendages, zoogeographical realms, and theories of vertebrate distribution
- Plate tectonic and Continental drift theory
Practical
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Protochordata: Examining Balanoglossus, Herdmania, Branchiostoma (colonial Urochordata)
- Sections of Balanoglossus (proboscis, branchio-genital regions)
- Sections of Amphioxus (pharyngeal, intestinal, caudal regions)
- Permanent slides of Herdmania spicules
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Agnatha: Study of Petromyzon and Myxine
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Fishes: Scoliodon, Sphyrna, Pristis, Torpedo, Chimaera, Mystus, Heteropneustes, Labeo, Exocoetus, Echeneis, Anguilla, Hippocampus, Tetrodon/Diodon, Anabas, and flatfish
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Amphibia: Ichthyophis/Ureotyphlus, Necturus, Bufo, Hyla, Alytes, and Salamander
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Reptiles: Chelone, Trionyx, Hemidactylus, Varanus, Uromastix, Chamaeleon, Ophiosaurus, Draco, Bungarus, Vipera, Naja, Hydrophis, Zamenis, Crocodylus
- Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes
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Aves: Study of six common birds from different orders, beak types, claws, and feathers
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Mammalia: Sorex, Bat (insectivorous/frugivorous), Funambulus, Loris, Herpestes, and Erinaceus
Textbooks
- Kotpal RL: Modern Textbook of Zoology - Vertebrates
- Young, J.Z.: The Life of Vertebrates
- Tiwari SK: Fundamentals of World Zoogeography
Suggested Readings
- Pough H.: Vertebrate Life
- Hall B.K. & Hallgrimsson B.: Stricklandberger's Evolution
- Hickman CP et al.: Integrated Principles of Zoology
- Verma PS & Srivastava PC: Advanced Practical Zoology
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Description
This quiz covers the diversity and distribution of chordates, focusing on protochordates, agnatha, and the evolution of reptiles and birds. Each unit examines key characteristics, classifications, and evolutionary significance. Perfect for students studying vertebrate biology and chordate taxonomy.
