Copyright, Permissions, and Sentences

Employability Skills: Textbook for Class XII

• Employability skills are soft skills that employers seek
• These skills equip employees to fulfil their responsibilities thoroughly and ensure client satisfaction
• These are communication, self-management, information and communication technology, entrepreneurial, and green skills,
• The textbook focuses on these skills
• It has been developed as per the learning outcome-based curriculum
• Provides learning experience including text and video-based lessons

Communication Skills

• Communication is a two-way process of information exchange using language, symbols, signs, or behavior
• Speaking, listening, reading, and writing are essential for understanding others

Active Listening

• Effective communication sends clear, concise, and accurate messages
• A clear statement conveys the exact message
• A concise statement is brief and to the point
• An accurate statement if factual and verifiable
• Lack of communication skills leads to confusion, frustration, and missed opportunities
• Listening is vital for effective conversation
• Paying undivided attention is important
• Active listening involves understanding problems, and enables collaborative solutions
• Eye contact is a crucial form of body language
• Gestures indicate engagement
• Avoiding distractions is necessary
• Feedback should be polite, positive, or negative
• The best listening is active with hearing, understanding responding and remembering

Stages Of Active Listening

• Receiving involves attentive listening
• Understanding implies informed agreement
• Remembering refers to retrieving past information
• Evaluating assesses value and importance
• Responding involves action or statement in reaction to a message
• An acronym for active listening is 'RESPECT':

Respect Acronym

• R: Remove distractions
• E: Eye contact
• S: Show attentiveness through gestures
• P: Pay careful attention
• E: Empathize with speaker's emotions
• C: Clarify by asking questions
• T: Tune into the speaker's timing

Overcoming Bariers to Active Listening

• Being preoccupied limits careful listening and can be overcome by focusing and avoiding distractions.
• Visual distractions and noise hinder hearing, which can be resolved by creating a conducive environment
• Personal biases distort interaction, requiring an objective approach
• Allowing speakers to finish before responding handles personal feelings.

Parts of Speech

• Parts of speech categorize words by function
• Sentences express thoughts, communication or ideas
• A 'sentence' is a group of words that communicates a complete meaning
• A group of words that does not make complete sense, known as a ‘phrase'
• Sentences begin with a capital letter and end with punctuation
• Capitalization adheres to ‘MINTS' acronym:

Capitalization Rules

• M: Months are capitalized
• I: Capitalize the letter 'I' when used as a word
• N: Names of people, places, etc., are capitalized
• T: Titles before names are capitalized
• S: Starting words of sentences are capitalized

Punctuation

• There are total 15 basic punctuations marks in English
• Punctuation marks include:
  • Full stop
  • Comma
  • Question mark
  • Exclamation mark
  • Apostrophe
  • Colon
  • Semicolon
  • Dash
  • Hyphen
  • Parenthesis, quotation mark, bracket, brace, ellipsis
  • Bullet point

Parts of Speech Types

• Common parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs

Supporting Parts Of Speech

• Articles: are like ‘a', ‘an', ‘the' and generally come before nouns
  • “An” is used if a vowel sounds comes next
  • “A” comes before consonants sounds instead
  • “The” used to refer to specific instances
• Conjunctions: are like 'and', 'or', ‘ but’, helping to connect words, phrases, and sentences
• Prepositions: connect words and show relationships like 'on', 'at', 'under', answering where, when, and how questions
• Interjections: convey emotions, such as happiness or surprise, and end with exclamation marks

Writing Sentences

• A sentence expresses a complete idea with meaning
• It contains subject(s) and object(s), conveying a statement, question or exclamation
• Writing consists of putting sentences in understandable and orderly sequence

Simple Sentences

• Contains a single subject and one finite verb

Complex Sentences

• It consists of coordinate clauses, and joined by a coordinating conjunction

Key Parts of Speech

• Subject: performs the action
• Verb: describes the action
• Object: receives the action

Objects

• Objects can be direct or indirect; if they are direct, they received direct action of the action word
• ‘To whom’ and "for whom" are answered by indirect objects

Types of Sentences

• Categories include:
  • Active voice: subject performing the action
  • Passive voice: subject receiving the action
• Four main types: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative

Four Types of Sentence Described

• Declarative: statements ending in a period (.)
• Interrogative: questions ending in a question mark (?)
• Exclamatory: expression w/ strong emotion ending in an exclamation mark (!)
• Imperative: these show orders or advice and can end with a period or exclamation mark (!).

Paragraphs

• Paragraphs: consist of a group of sentence that are related and together

Self Management Skills

Self-Management

• Self-management (self-control) effectively manages emotions, thoughts, and behavior
• It includes motivating oneself, and working towards achieving personal and academic goals
• Requires positive thinking: the ability to think that one can get things done and be happy
• Requires result orientation: to dream big and achieve the desired or set results.
• Requires self-awareness: an awareness of ones personality traits and making the best out of ones strengths

Attitude

• It helps us overcome fears or challenges
• Optimism is a mental attitude, reflecting a belief or hope

Motivation

• Motivation directs behaviour towards certain goal
• It is either from within (intrinsic motivation) or by external (extrinsic motivation)
• Intrinsic: It involves deriving enjoyment and statisfaction from the internal motivation of doing them
• Occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it brings them pleasure
• Extrinsic:It arises because of incentives or external rewards
• The lack of motivation or incentives may lead to frustration

Positive Attitude

• Positive attitude makes a person happier, and helps build and maintain relatinoships
• They are able to make better decisions and adapt to life situations that would make a negative person struggle
• Positive attitude helps improve mental and physical heath.
• To Stay pro-active- be positive with what may be happening
• Focus on constrcuctive and positive aspects- look for solutions instead of problems
• Learn to focus on the present - negativity mostly stems out from past and fulture events
• Move towards goals and cheerfullness to acheive dreams

Techniques

• Physical exercise and fresh air helps increase blood circulation and reduces stress
• Healthy Diet aids in proper body and mental health
• Organised academic life aids in reducing stress and allows better thought organisation

Handling Stress

• Resolve the situation with a positive attitude to reduce stress levels
• Keep thoughts in the present- not the past
• Practise meditation and yoga
• Maintain acomplishment sheets to see positive aspects you have overcome

Result Orientation

• It recognises important results, and the steps required to acheive them
• Goal orienting the set and nessacary steps to acheive them
• Setting realistic goals, and following the to-do's nesscary to complete them

To Be Come More Result Oriented

• Prepare actiion plan
• Use the right resoruces and tools
• communitcate with mentors and peers
• work hard

Goal Setting

• Setting SMART goals

Acronym Goal Settings

• S: specific
• M: measureable
• A:action-oriented
• R: realistic
• T: timely

Key Points

• A student may set a goal of scoring high marks in an exam.
• An athlete may run five miles a day
• A traveller may reach a destination city within three hours

Self Awarenes

• Is understanding one's desires, habits, traits, behaviours, and feelings
• Steps towards self-awareness includes recognizing one's emotions

Key Steps

• the steps to becoming self aware, and showing different emotions in a persion

Overcoming barriers to active listening

Personalty and Personalty Traits

• Personalty is a cluster or thoughts feelings behaviours that makes a person unique and different from others
• Personalty traits is defined as relatively long lasting thoughts feelings and behaviors that disingish individuals from onanother Personalty development occurs through ongoing intreaction of temperament, character, and environment

Big Five Personalty Traits

• Openness
• Conscientionsness
• Extroversion
• Agreeableness

Common Personalty Ditorders

• Consists of negative behaviour, and causes distriess
• Cluster A: Suspious: People falling under this cluster always misrust other and are supricious
• Cluster B: Emotional And Impulisve people who are bad with time management
• cluster C Anxionses, People who are always feeling worriness and anxionses

IT

Spreadsheet

• Are programs that allow people to maintain and organise information in rows and columns

To Start Libre Office Call

• Enforce that the system is installed, Type Libreoffice on search bar and selet the app to start it- when starting a call sheet will launch
• Key Components
• Row
  • Series of cells in a horizontal (sleeping) mannger
• A column
  • The marks are in column B
• A call
  • Is the row and column where different items can be inputed inside- in figure 3.4'2 the selected cell is B5' the cel in column

Names Box and WorkSheet

• Name box
• shows the location of the selected cell
• A worksheets
  • is a collection of calls- and is a grid with line

Workbook, Text Data, and Editong

• Workbook - is a speadshete that has one or more worksheets
• there are the main type; test form and formular the item in the item

Data

• If regu want sot name the item basmati rick instead of ride- there a way

Ways To Use These

• Double click on the cell you want to edit
• or click on the cell yoiu eana to do it

Delteing to edit

• Clic the cell- and press delete key on the keyboard- this is deleted to make it blank
• selecting multuple cells,
• Select the cell- and then press 'delete' key on the keyboard-
• To select enter wore- click the heading

####To select a full column,

• click the column heading- this will allow enter of any column and row input

• Click on the great recntange on the upper lest corner of the workshee- to selecte enter things-

• to elect a grane of cells- click on starting cell, then hold down the mouse button and drag in till for selective input

  • **saVING AND SHARING

    • Alter entering data- you save speadsheet juts lile notepad of other -cliel fiel- aand then save in figure 3.8 -yhen when you close the file it will prompt you with the question save documnts

steps to open

• open libere office and them click open, - -this will displays other open dialog box in figure 3.12

Persuation softwere

• are to help others explain their work

steps to add

_ First click short cut button for the to side

steps to delte

First select the site , then select the delete show key

Green skills

• Green skills prevent damage and aim for social and economic improvement-
• They work to ensure water conservation, pollution controlls and waste management

Green Jobs in the industry

• Agicultural
• Techician
• Non techinican

Benefits of green jobs

• Green enomy presents new business. New makers and less in energy cost, the economy of one has more chance are in their sector.
• to help make these sector move active has been implemented

Green jobs in agriculture

Organic gardening and the process which we can grow plants and crops in area It present runoff -preventing water pull-up

To increase agricultural strength

1. mobilising forms into groups- called Form interest group "fios" AND BUILDING AROUND THEM""
2. Set up by the government, this program activities lies Techinicallly

Job role

• Solar and eard worker
• Wind water worker
• Eco Turism
• Solid Waste
• Building and Construction

This lesson covers copyright permissions related to a textbook, including prohibited actions and conditions for disposal. It also examines the structure and components of sentences, focusing on clauses and parts of speech.