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Questions and Answers
What is the primary emphasis of Vygotsky's theory of development?
What is the primary emphasis of Vygotsky's theory of development?
What is the term for the mental frameworks that guide our behavior in the world?
What is the term for the mental frameworks that guide our behavior in the world?
What is the key characteristic of human development, according to the take-home message?
What is the key characteristic of human development, according to the take-home message?
What is the focus of next week's lecture?
What is the focus of next week's lecture?
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What is the chapter that covers cognitive development?
What is the chapter that covers cognitive development?
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What is the primary theme of this week's tutorial?
What is the primary theme of this week's tutorial?
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What is the significance of taking a developmental perspective in psychology?
What is the significance of taking a developmental perspective in psychology?
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What is the primary focus of Vygotsky's theory of learning?
What is the primary focus of Vygotsky's theory of learning?
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What is the term for the process of learning from contact with others?
What is the term for the process of learning from contact with others?
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What is the key theme of human development, according to the take-home message?
What is the key theme of human development, according to the take-home message?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Developmental Psychology
- Developmental psychology is the study of how and why people of all kinds, everywhere, change and remain the same over time.
- It is essential to understand normal development to work with individuals of a particular developmental stage and to recognize when things go wrong.
- Understanding factors that affect development and continuity and change with development is crucial in developmental psychology.
Factors Related to Human Development
- Human development is influenced by both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment).
- Epigenetics plays a role in the interplay between nature and nurture.
- Development is a lifelong process that involves both continuity and change.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory
- The theory proposes that relationships between an individual and their environment are bi-directional.
- The microsystem refers to the immediate surroundings, such as family, friends, and teachers.
- The mesosystem reflects relations between microsystems, such as the connection between home and the workplace.
- The exosystem comprises social settings that affect the individual without them playing an active role.
- The macrosystem operates at the outer level of the ecology, including laws and cultural values.
- The chronosystem represents changes that occur over time.
Development as a Trajectory
- Development can be viewed as a trajectory through the lifespan, with critical periods and sensitive periods.
- Critical periods are limited periods of time during which the brain is set to acquire a function.
- Maturation refers to biologically based changes that follow an orderly sequence.
Stability and Change
- Change can refer to the acquisition or loss of a behavior or function.
- Change can occur continuously or discontinuously, with stages of growth that are qualitatively different and ordered in a fixed sequence.
- Continuity in development refers to strong consistencies over time in intelligence, personality, and social skills.
Normative vs Non-Normative Events
- Normative events are typical experiences that most people encounter at certain ages.
- Non-normative events are atypical or unexpected events that can alter a person's developmental trajectory.
Developmental Psychology Research Methods
- Sequential designs examine different age groups at multiple time points to reduce cohort effects.
- Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs can be used to study development.
Periods of Development
- Prenatal period: Conception to birth.
- Infancy and toddlerhood: Birth to 2 years.
- Early childhood: 2 to 6 years.
- Middle childhood: 6 to 11 years.
- Adolescence: 11 to 18 years.
Cognitive Development
- Jean Piaget's Cognitive Theory proposes that children's thinking changes qualitatively with age.
- Schemas are organized patterns of thoughts and action that are acquired and modified through assimilation and accommodation.
- Piaget's stage model outlines the stages of cognitive development, including sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.
Vygotsky's Development through Social Interaction
- Social interaction is essential for development, as children learn from contact with others.
- Learning "scripts" for activities in the world is a key aspect of development.
- Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in shaping cognitive development.
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Description
This quiz covers copyright laws, specifically the Australian Copyright Act 1968, and how it applies to educational institutions.
