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Questions and Answers
Joint authors have separate interests in their contributions to a work.
Joint authors have separate interests in their contributions to a work.
False
A work made for hire can consider the hiring party as the author of the work.
A work made for hire can consider the hiring party as the author of the work.
True
An employee's artwork created outside their regular duties is considered made for hire.
An employee's artwork created outside their regular duties is considered made for hire.
False
All copyright rights must be transferred in writing to be valid.
All copyright rights must be transferred in writing to be valid.
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Collective works allow for individual contributions to share copyright equally.
Collective works allow for individual contributions to share copyright equally.
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A translation is one of the types of work that can be classified as made for hire.
A translation is one of the types of work that can be classified as made for hire.
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Mere possession of a copy of the work grants ownership of the copyright to the owner.
Mere possession of a copy of the work grants ownership of the copyright to the owner.
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Works made for hire can be determined only by the creator's intent.
Works made for hire can be determined only by the creator's intent.
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Copyright protection exists automatically from the moment a work is invented.
Copyright protection exists automatically from the moment a work is invented.
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A work is considered 'fixed' when it can be perceived and reproduced for a short time only.
A work is considered 'fixed' when it can be perceived and reproduced for a short time only.
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Musical works can be protected by copyright, including any accompanying lyrics.
Musical works can be protected by copyright, including any accompanying lyrics.
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Only dramatic works that include music are protected by copyright.
Only dramatic works that include music are protected by copyright.
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Copyright only covers literary and musical works.
Copyright only covers literary and musical works.
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To claim copyright, a work must be created by more than one author.
To claim copyright, a work must be created by more than one author.
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Architectural works are considered copyrightable under U.S. law.
Architectural works are considered copyrightable under U.S. law.
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Copyright registration is optional for works created before contacting the U.S. Copyright Office.
Copyright registration is optional for works created before contacting the U.S. Copyright Office.
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The initial term of copyright for works published before January 1, 1978, lasts for twenty-eight years.
The initial term of copyright for works published before January 1, 1978, lasts for twenty-eight years.
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Copyright registration was mandatory for all works published before 1992.
Copyright registration was mandatory for all works published before 1992.
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A copyright notice is required to enforce copyright rights through litigation.
A copyright notice is required to enforce copyright rights through litigation.
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Renewal registration of copyright is optional as of June 26, 1992.
Renewal registration of copyright is optional as of June 26, 1992.
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The total term of copyright protection can extend up to ninety-five years.
The total term of copyright protection can extend up to ninety-five years.
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A completed application form is not necessary for copyright registration.
A completed application form is not necessary for copyright registration.
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Copyright exists automatically in an original work only after it is registered.
Copyright exists automatically in an original work only after it is registered.
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The copyright symbol along with the year of first publication is part of the copyright notice.
The copyright symbol along with the year of first publication is part of the copyright notice.
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A copyright can be bequeathed through a will or passed as personal property under state laws of intestate succession.
A copyright can be bequeathed through a will or passed as personal property under state laws of intestate succession.
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Recordation of a copyright transfer is mandatory for the transfer to be valid.
Recordation of a copyright transfer is mandatory for the transfer to be valid.
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An author can terminate a copyright agreement after fifteen years.
An author can terminate a copyright agreement after fifteen years.
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A notice of termination must be recorded to be valid and effective.
A notice of termination must be recorded to be valid and effective.
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For works created on or after January 1, 1978, copyright lasts for the life of the author plus fifty years.
For works created on or after January 1, 1978, copyright lasts for the life of the author plus fifty years.
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Works made for hire have copyright duration options of either 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation.
Works made for hire have copyright duration options of either 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation.
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For works created before January 1, 1978, the copyright term can expire as early as December 31, 2000.
For works created before January 1, 1978, the copyright term can expire as early as December 31, 2000.
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If a work was published on or before December 31, 2002, its copyright cannot expire before December 31, 2047.
If a work was published on or before December 31, 2002, its copyright cannot expire before December 31, 2047.
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A certificate of registration does not create a public record of the claimed work's authorship and ownership.
A certificate of registration does not create a public record of the claimed work's authorship and ownership.
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Registration is required before filing an infringement suit for U.S. works.
Registration is required before filing an infringement suit for U.S. works.
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If registered before publication, one must re-register their work when it is published.
If registered before publication, one must re-register their work when it is published.
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An effective date of registration is established based on how long the Copyright Office takes to evaluate the materials.
An effective date of registration is established based on how long the Copyright Office takes to evaluate the materials.
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A copyright owner who registers their work within three months after publication is eligible for statutory damages.
A copyright owner who registers their work within three months after publication is eligible for statutory damages.
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Registration offers statutory advantages related to protection against the importation of infringing copies.
Registration offers statutory advantages related to protection against the importation of infringing copies.
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Incomplete submissions do not affect the effective date of registration.
Incomplete submissions do not affect the effective date of registration.
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An online application for copyright registration can be submitted through www.copyright.gov.
An online application for copyright registration can be submitted through www.copyright.gov.
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A copyright owner must register their work within five years of its first publication to claim statutory damages.
A copyright owner must register their work within five years of its first publication to claim statutory damages.
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Works published in the United States do not have to adhere to mandatory deposit requirements.
Works published in the United States do not have to adhere to mandatory deposit requirements.
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Statutory damages and attorneys' fees can be claimed if a work is registered within three months after its first publication.
Statutory damages and attorneys' fees can be claimed if a work is registered within three months after its first publication.
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An international copyright automatically protects an author's works globally.
An international copyright automatically protects an author's works globally.
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The deposit requirements for registering a published work are the same as for an unpublished work.
The deposit requirements for registering a published work are the same as for an unpublished work.
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Most countries do not offer protection to non-U.S. works under any conditions.
Most countries do not offer protection to non-U.S. works under any conditions.
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Two complete copies of the best edition must be sent to the Copyright Office as part of the mandatory deposit requirement.
Two complete copies of the best edition must be sent to the Copyright Office as part of the mandatory deposit requirement.
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All works published before March 1, 1989, are exempt from copyright notice requirements.
All works published before March 1, 1989, are exempt from copyright notice requirements.
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Study Notes
Copyright Basics
- Copyright is a legal protection for original works of authorship fixed in a tangible form.
- Protection begins when the work is created in a fixed form.
- Original works of authorship are those created independently by a human author, possessing a minimal degree of creativity.
- Copyright protection is automatic in the US.
What Works Are Protected?
- Literary works (including accompanying words)
- Musical works (including accompanying music)
- Dramatic works (including accompanying music)
- Pantomimes and choreographic works
- Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
- Motion pictures and other audiovisual works
- Sound recordings
- Architectural works
- Computer programs and maps can be registered as literary or pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
- Technical drawings can be registered as pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
Rights of Copyright Owners
- Exclusive right to reproduce the work
- Prepare derivative works
- Distribute copies or phonorecords of the work
- Perform the work publicly
- Display the work publicly
- Perform the work publicly by digital audio transmission
- Authorize others to exercise these exclusive rights
What Is Not Protected by Copyright?
- Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, or discoveries
- Works not fixed in a tangible form
- Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans
- Familiar symbols or designs
- Mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring
- Mere listings of ingredients or contents
Who Can Claim Copyright?
- The author(s) who created the work initially own the copyright.
- If multiple authors create a single, inseparable work, they are considered joint authors with an indivisible interest in the whole work.
- In collective works, each author's individual contribution is separate, from the copyright ownership in the whole work.
- "Works made for hire" are an exception. The hiring party is the copyright owner in this case
Termination of Copyright Transfer
- Authors or heirs can terminate an agreement transferring copyright after 35 years.
- Must provide advance written "notice of termination" to the grantee.
- Notice must be recorded with the Copyright Office.
Duration of Copyright
- For works created on or after January 1, 1978: author's life plus 70 years (or 95 years from publication for anonymous, pseudonymous, or works for hire)
- For works created before January 1, 1978: the term varies.
Publication
- Publication involves distributing copies of a work to the public.
- Offering to distribute, perform, or display a work also constitutes publication.
- The year of publication impacts the duration of copyright.
- Works created before January 1, 1978, the initial term of copyright is 28 years from the date of publication (notice or registration), if published or registered during that time.
Mandatory Deposit
- Copyright law requires deposits of published works in the U.S. to the Library of Congress.
- Two complete copies from the "best edition" of the work are required.
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Description
Test your understanding of copyright law with this quiz focused on the basic concepts of copyright, including what works are protected and the rights of copyright owners. Explore essential topics like literary works, musical rights, and reproduction privileges.
