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Which is the most common type of dementia?

Frontotemporal dementia
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Alzheimer disease (correct)
Vascular dementia

What percentage of Australians are living with dementia?

45%
Unknown
56% (correct)
8%

What is the single biggest cause of disability in individuals over 65 years old?

Dementia with Lewy bodies
Vascular dementia
Dementia (correct)
Frontotemporal dementia

Which of the following best describes dementia?

A progressive and irreversible loss of cognitive function (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dementia?

Diffuse brain disease primarily affecting the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long is the average lifespan after diagnosis of dementia?

7-10 years (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Parkinson's disease?

A progressive neurological condition resulting from the degeneration of dopamine producing cells in the basal ganglia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary characteristics of Parkinson's disease?

Motor impairments and emotional deficits (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Australia?

It is the second most common neurological disease in Australia after dementia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the basal ganglia in movement control?

Facilitating excitation of wanted movements (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter in the basal ganglia?

Dopamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the basal ganglia produces dopamine?

Substantia nigra compacta (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway of the basal ganglia is involved in inhibition of unwanted movements?

Indirect pathway (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used for diagnosing Parkinson's disease?

Definitive test (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration for making a formal Parkinson's disease diagnosis?

1-2 years (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does Parkinson's disease progress and affect individuals?

Slow progression with varying impact on life expectancy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) assesses mentation, behaviour, and mood?

Part I (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease?

Levodopa (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications mimic the effects of dopamine without needing to be synthesized?

Dopamine agonists (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical intervention of choice when motor complications are inadequately managed with medications in severe Parkinson's disease?

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following assessments is NOT recommended for evaluating balance and mobility in individuals with Parkinson's disease?

Berg Balance Scale (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible assessment for measuring flexibility in individuals with Parkinson's disease?

Tandem stance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for assessing muscle strength in individuals with Parkinson's disease?

Dynamometers (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended cardiorespiratory assessment test for individuals with Parkinson's disease?

Functional reach test (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of cue that may help bypass basal ganglia circuitry for motor sequencing?

Olfactory (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of cardiorespiratory exercise for individuals with Parkinson's disease?

3-5 days/week (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intensity range for resistance exercise in individuals with Parkinson's disease?

40-70% of 1-RM (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of flexibility and joint ROM exercises for individuals with Parkinson's disease?

3-5 days/week (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has the highest percentage of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis?

20-30 years (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Australia are women?

75% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

An inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of diagnosis for multiple sclerosis?

30-35 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on individuals?

It can have a significant impact as the disease course is unpredictable and symptoms can change. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total cost of multiple sclerosis in Australia per year?

$1 billion (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many people are diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Australia?

More than 20,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with Multiple Sclerosis?

Memory loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent location of lesions in Multiple Sclerosis?

Spinal cord (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment instrument is widely utilized in Multiple Sclerosis studies?

EDSS (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is NOT associated with Multiple Sclerosis?

Smoking (B) Signup and view all the answers