COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: INFORMATION PROCESSING IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

Which type of intelligence involves information-processing abilities such as short-term memory and synthesising new information?

Fluid intelligence (correct)
Emotional intelligence
Crystallised intelligence
Social intelligence

According to Cattell's theory, can fluid intelligence be trained or taught?

It depends on the individual
Yes, it can be trained or taught
No, it cannot be trained or taught (correct)
There is no mention of it in the text

Which type of intelligence represents the accumulation of culturally based knowledge and logical-reasoning abilities?

Emotional intelligence
Crystallised intelligence (correct)
Fluid intelligence
Social intelligence

Which test of fluid intelligence declines steeply through the adult years?

Perceptual speed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for job satisfaction in midlife?

Enjoyment of the work itself (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common reason for women to quit their jobs in midlife?

Gender discrimination (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do midlife adults stay unemployed longer than younger adults?

Higher wage requirements (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which life stage is typically associated with rising to the top of a profession?

Middle adulthood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one key reason why people in middle adulthood are often chosen for positions of great responsibility and authority?

They have accumulated a high level of expertise (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is expertise?

The accumulated knowledge and experience in a specific domain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of expertise in problem solving?

It allows for automatic problem solving (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the organisational career and the protean career?

The organisational career involves working for the same employer throughout one's working life, while the protean career involves changing paths frequently. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of workers are especially valuable in the global economy?

Workers with high levels of education (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the protean career path more perilous for midlife adults with low levels of education?

Because they are more likely to be doing work that involves simple, repetitive tasks (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge faced by people in agricultural work in middle adulthood?

Declining strength and stamina (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of intelligence with their descriptions:

Fluid intelligence = Biologically based, involves information-processing abilities such as short-term memory Crystallised intelligence = Represents the accumulation of culturally based knowledge and logical-reasoning abilities Fluid intelligence example = Learning to fly high-speed jets Crystallised intelligence example = The knowledge accumulated by scholars in the course of a career of research Signup and view all the answers

Match the following contributors to types of intelligence with their corresponding type:

Short-term memory = Fluid intelligence Cultural knowledge = Crystallised intelligence Visual stimuli discernment = Fluid intelligence Logical reasoning abilities = Crystallised intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following studies or theories with their related intelligence type:

Cattell’s theory = Fluid and Crystallised intelligence Seattle Longitudinal Study = Fluid and Crystallised intelligence during adulthood Learning to fly high-speed jets = Fluid intelligence Career of research in a field = Crystallised intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors to their impact on midlife adults:

Job Satisfaction = Peaks in middle adulthood Perceptual Speed = Declines steeply through the adult years Burnout = Causes people to quit their jobs Unemployment = Midlife adults stay unemployed longer than younger adults Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with their associated job changes in midlife:

Glass Ceiling = Women quit jobs in large corporations Lowered Goals = Greater job satisfaction New Challenges = Job changes sometimes happen Burnout = Quit due to being overwhelmed by work Signup and view all the answers

Match the following job-related aspects with their occurrence in midlife:

Pay Increase = Occurs with age in most jobs Job Changes = Less frequent compared to younger workers Expertise Development = Leads to better job performance Job Loss = New job tends to have lower status and pay Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors to their impact on job satisfaction in midlife:

Enjoyment of Work = Main reason for job satisfaction Greater Authority = More involvement in decision making Lowered Expectations = Realisation of professional limits Gender Discrimination = Causes women to quit corporate jobs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Expertise = Knowledge and experience in a specific domain Crystallised intelligence = Accumulated knowledge and reasoning in a culturally valued area Automaticity = Part of problem solving that becomes automatic with enough expertise Globalisation = Process that has profound effects on the nature of work Signup and view all the answers

Match the following occupations with their examples of expertise:

Nurse = Has far more expertise than someone who has just completed nursing school School teacher = Has more expertise than a young adult teacher Mechanic = Can quickly focus on the most likely explanation for a car problem Food-services worker = Expertise defined in terms of knowledge, organisational skills and social skills Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their respective life stages:

People rise to the top of their profession = Middle adulthood People have financial obligations such as supporting their parents and saving for retirement = Middle adulthood People experience more disruption to their functioning when unemployed = Middle adulthood People have less expertise than those in middle adulthood = Young adulthood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their effects on problem solving:

Expertise = Allows people to process information more quickly and efficiently Automaticity = Makes problem solving fast and efficient Experience = Allows experts to solve problems based on intuition Flexibility = Enables experts to think of alternative strategies when the first one is not successful Signup and view all the answers

Match the following career types with their descriptions:

Organisational Career = Common model in industrialised countries during the 19th century, involves staying in the same field or with the same employer throughout working life Protean Career = Flexible and changeable career path, involves changing jobs and fields frequently Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their career prospects in the context of globalisation:

Midlife adults with high education = Attractive and rewarding prospects with high value in global economy Midlife adults with low education = Greater peril due to vulnerability to automation and shift of work to developing countries Emerging adults and young adults in developing countries = Opportunities for best jobs as their economies expand People in agricultural jobs = Hard physical labour with neither organisational nor protean career prospects Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their impact on the work path through the 40s and 50s:

Globalisation = Made the work path less linear and predictable Unions = Improved working conditions and enhanced pay and benefits Automation = Increased risk for jobs involving simple, repetitive tasks Information and Technology = Rewards those who can use them well in the global economy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their relation to the global economy:

Workers with high levels of education = Especially valuable due to emphasis on information and technology Work involving simple, repetitive tasks = Vulnerable to automation or shift to cheaper labour markets Accounting and computer programming = Can be shifted around the globe to where it can be done most cheaply Agricultural work = Remains a substantial proportion of work, especially in Asia and Africa Signup and view all the answers