COPD: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Management

What specific measurement obtained from pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is a key indicator for diagnosing COPD?

During pulmonary function testing using a spirometer, what patient data is entered into the computer to calculate predicted values?

In COPD, what is the primary physiological mechanism that leads to pulmonary hypertension?

How would you define an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD)?

What is the underlying cause of cor pulmonale in patients with COPD?

Why is it clinically significant to differentiate between purulent and non-purulent exacerbations of COPD?

Chronic hypoxia in COPD stimulates erythropoiesis. What is the consequence of erythropoiesis?

During pulmonary function testing, a patient with possible asthma is asked to exhale as hard and fast as possible. Which measurement would best aid in monitoring bronchoconstriction?

What is the primary reason for teaching pursed-lip breathing to a client with COPD?

Why is it important for the nurse to teach a client with COPD to avoid central nervous system (CNS) depressants?

A nurse is caring for a client with COPD who is experiencing confusion and a headache. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?

What is the rationale for encouraging a client with COPD to maintain an oral intake of 2-3 liters of fluid per day?

Which position is most likely to maximize respiratory excursion for a client with COPD?

A client with COPD is having difficulty clearing thick secretions. Besides hydration, which intervention is most appropriate to promote effective airway clearance?

Why are high-protein, high-calorie diets recommended for clients with COPD?

A nurse is selecting an oxygen delivery device for a client with COPD who is undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation, and needs supplemental oxygen during exercise. Which factor is most important to consider?

A patient with pneumonia is exhibiting disorientation and confusion. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate based on the content provided?

In a patient with pneumonia, what is the MOST important reason for collecting a sputum culture prior to initiating antibiotic therapy?

A patient diagnosed with empyema secondary to pneumonia requires which combination of interventions for effective management?

After starting antibiotic therapy for bacterial pneumonia, approximately how long should it take for a patient to show noticeable improvement in their signs and symptoms?

Which of the following supportive measures is LEAST likely to be beneficial for a patient recovering from pneumonia?

A previously healthy adult develops a cough, fever, and muscle aches during flu season. They are diagnosed with influenza A. Which of the following medications might be considered, if appropriate?

Which of the following complications of pneumonia involves the spread of infection to the serous sac surrounding the heart?

A physician orders 'Empirical therapy' for a patient newly diagnosed with pneumonia. What does this term imply regarding the treatment approach?

A patient presents with a crackling sensation upon palpation of the chest wall. This finding is most consistent with which of the following conditions?

Following a traumatic chest injury, a patient develops a collection of blood in the pleural space. This condition is best described as:

A patient with pneumonia develops an accumulation of pus in the pleural space. This condition is known as:

A postoperative cardiac surgery patient is diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. This condition primarily impairs cardiac output by:

A patient with no underlying lung disease has a small amount of air in the pleural space. Generally, what percentage of pleural space occupation would likely result in minimal respiratory symptoms?

A patient with a chest tube is being monitored. Which assessment finding would MOST strongly suggest a reaccumulation of fluid on the affected side?

Which nursing intervention is MOST important in preventing pulmonary complications such as pneumonia in a client with a chest tube?

What is the primary purpose of teaching a patient how to splint their incision while coughing postoperatively?

A patient presents with a pleural effusion and progressive dyspnea. Which additional clinical manifestation is MOST likely associated with this condition?

Following a chest tube insertion, a nurse observes continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber of the drainage system. What is the MOST likely cause of this observation?

A patient with a history of pneumonia develops an empyema. Besides antibiotics, what other treatment option is MOST likely required to address the empyema?

A patient with a pleural effusion is scheduled for a thoracentesis. What is the PRIMARY purpose of this procedure in the context of pleural effusion?

In a chest drainage system, what does the fluctuation (oscillation) of fluid within the water-seal chamber typically indicate?

What pathological process defines a 'trapped lung' in the context of pleural effusions?

A nurse is monitoring a patient with an empyema. Which assessment finding would be MOST indicative of this condition compared to a typical pleural effusion?

A patient has a chest tube connected to a drainage system. The physician orders a specific amount of suction to be applied. How does the nurse MOST accurately adjust the suction on a traditional chest drainage system?

A post-operative client with a new tracheostomy is exhibiting increased restlessness and a rising heart rate. Which of the following nursing actions is the highest priority?

Which intervention is most important to include in the plan of care to prevent mucous plugging in a client with a tracheostomy?

When providing routine tracheostomy care, the nurse observes that the inner cannula is only partially patent despite cleaning. What is the most appropriate next step?

A client is being weaned from a tracheostomy tube. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate the client is experiencing respiratory distress?

A nurse is preparing to perform tracheostomy care on a client. Which supply is most critical to have readily available at the bedside?

The physician orders a dressing change to the tracheostomy site using sterile technique, which of these steps is most important?

A patient with a tracheostomy is being transferred from the ICU to a medical floor. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse on the medical floor to receive during report?

What is the primary rationale for performing routine tracheostomy care twice daily in Interior Health facilities?

Deep breathing facilitation

Hydration for airway clearance

Effective cough techniques

Bronchodilator administration

Pursed-lip breathing

Comfortable positioning

Hypercapnia recognition

Nutritional support

COPD Diagnosis Criteria

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

FEV1/FVC Ratio

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)

Cor Pulmonale

Acute Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD)

Empyema

Pericarditis

Bacteremia

Meningitis

Empirical therapy

Sputum culture

Antibiotic response

Viral pneumonia treatment

Subcutaneous emphysema

Hemothorax

Chylothorax

Cardiac tamponade

Pleural space tolerance

Goals of chest drainage

Diminished breath sounds

Postoperative assessments for tracheostomy

Tracheostomy suctioning

Maintaining hydration post-tracheostomy

Tracheostomy safety equipment

Preventing tracheostomy obstruction

Signs of respiratory distress

Routine tracheostomy care frequency

Sterile technique in tracheostomy care

Trapped Lung

Pleural Effusion Symptoms

Empyema Symptoms

Pleural Effusion Treatment

Water-Seal Chamber Function

Suction Confirmation

Chest Drainage Measurement