Coordination Compounds - Summary Notes

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Questions and Answers

Which factor primarily influences the conductivity of a coordination compound?

  • The size of the ligand.
  • The number and charge of the ions in solution. (correct)
  • The molecular weight of the compound.
  • The temperature of the solution.

How are ligands classified?

  • Based on their molecular weight.
  • By their charge and bonding capability. (correct)
  • According to their size relative to the central atom.
  • By the temperature at which they bond.

Which type of electrolyte refers to a coordination compound that produces three ions of both the complex and the counter ion?

  • 4:4 electrolyte.
  • 3:3 electrolyte. (correct)
  • 1:1 electrolyte.
  • 2:2 electrolyte.

Which statement best describes the role of ligands in coordination compounds?

<p>Ligands can donate multiple electron pairs to bond with metals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'polydentate ligand' refer to?

<p>A ligand that can donate more than one electron pair to the central atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true about double salts?

<p>They consist solely of neutral ligands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of donor atoms a bidentate ligand must possess?

<p>Two (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the primary valence of a central metal ion in a coordination compound?

<p>The charge on the central metal ion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the secondary valence of a metal ion defined in coordination compounds?

<p>The number of ligands directly attached to the metal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to coordination compounds upon dissociation in solution?

<p>Only the free ions outside the brackets dissociate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When silver nitrate is added to a coordination compound containing chloride ions, what is formed?

<p>Silver Chloride precipitate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the coordination compound K4[Fe(CN)6], what is the primary valence of the iron (Fe)?

<p>+2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ligand donates only one electron pair to the central metal atom?

<p>Monodentate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical coordination number for many coordination compounds?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligand type can donate two electron pairs to the central metal ion?

<p>Bidentate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary Valence

The charge on the central metal ion in a coordination compound, determined by its oxidation number.

Secondary Valence

The coordination number of a metal ion; the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal atom.

Coordination Compound

A compound where a central metal ion is bonded to surrounding molecules or ions (ligands).

Ligand

A molecule or ion that is bonded to the central metal ion in a coordination compound.

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Monodentate ligand

A ligand that donates only one pair of electrons to the central metal ion.

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Bidentate ligand

A ligand that donates two pairs of electrons to the central metal ion.

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Coordination Number

The number of ligands directly attached to the central metal ion in a coordination compound

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Reaction with Silver Nitrate

When a coordination compound containing chloride ions reacts with excess silver nitrate, a white precipitate of AgCl forms. The number of moles of AgCl precipitated is equal to the number of chloride ions outside the coordination bracket.

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Coordination Compound

A compound where a central metal atom or ion is bonded to one or more molecules or ions (ligands).

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Ligand

A molecule or ion that donates electron pairs to a central metal atom in a coordination compound.

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Polydentate Ligand

A ligand that can bond to a central metal atom at multiple points.

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Double Salt

A crystalline compound readily dissociates into its constituent ions.

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Complex Compound

A coordination compound that is not fully dissociated into ions in solution, the central atom and ligands stay bound.

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Conductivity of Coordination Compounds

Affected by the number of ions produced upon dissociation in solution. It is incomplete electrolyte.

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1:1, 2:2, 3:3 Electrolyte

Describes the ratio of ions produced when a coordination compound fully dissociates in solution.

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AgCl precipitate

A solid formed during a chemical reaction, understanding ions outside the coordination sphere is critical to predict the number of moles.

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Study Notes

Coordination Compound Conductivity

  • The nature of the ligands plays a key role in determining the conductivity of a coordination compound.

Ligand Classification

  • Ligands are classified based on the number of donor atoms they possess:
    • Monodentate ligands donate one electron pair to the central metal atom.
    • Bidentate ligands donate two electron pairs to the central metal atom.
    • Polydentate ligands donate more than two electron pairs to the central metal atom.

Electrolyte Types

  • A coordination compound that produces three ions of both the complex and the counter ion is classified as a 3:3 electrolyte.

Ligand Role

  • Ligands in coordination compounds act as electron pair donors, forming coordinate covalent bonds with the central metal atom.

Polydentate Ligands

  • Polydentate ligands are ligands that can bind to a central metal atom through multiple donor atoms.

Double Salts

  • Double salts do NOT contain a complex ion.

Bidentate Ligands

  • Bidentate ligands must possess a minimum of two donor atoms to bind to the central metal atom.

Primary Valence

  • The primary valence of a central metal ion in a coordination compound is determined by its oxidation state.

Secondary Valence

  • The secondary valence of a metal ion in coordination compounds refers to the number of ligands attached to the central metal atom.

Coordination Compound Dissociation

  • Coordination compounds dissociate in solution into their constituent ions, with the complex ion remaining as a single unit.

Silver Nitrate Reaction

  • When silver nitrate is added to a coordination compound containing chloride ions, a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) is formed.

Primary Valence in K4[Fe(CN)6]

  • In the coordination compound K4[Fe(CN)6], the primary valence of the iron (Fe) is +2.

Monodentate Ligands

  • Monodentate ligands are ligands that donate only one electron pair to the central metal atom.

Coordination Number

  • The typical coordination number for many coordination compounds is 4 or 6.

Bidentate Ligands

  • Bidentate ligands can donate two electron pairs to the central metal ion.

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