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Questions and Answers
What is the overall charge of the CrO4^2- oxoanion?
What is the overall charge of the CrO4^2- oxoanion?
- -3
- 0
- -2 (correct)
- -1
What type of bond is formed between the metal ion and ligands in a coordination complex?
What type of bond is formed between the metal ion and ligands in a coordination complex?
- Ionic bond
- Metallic bond
- Coordinate bond (correct)
- Hydrogen bond
Which of the following best describes the geometric arrangement of Cr6+ in the CrO4^2- oxoanion?
Which of the following best describes the geometric arrangement of Cr6+ in the CrO4^2- oxoanion?
- Linear
- Trigonal planar
- Octahedral
- Tetrahedral (correct)
Which statement about ligands in coordination complexes is true?
Which statement about ligands in coordination complexes is true?
Which oxidation state of chromium is considered the most stable?
Which oxidation state of chromium is considered the most stable?
Which of the following correctly describes a coordination compound?
Which of the following correctly describes a coordination compound?
Which statement accurately describes the transformation from chromate to dichromate?
Which statement accurately describes the transformation from chromate to dichromate?
What role does dichromate Cr2O7^2- play in redox reactions strongly?
What role does dichromate Cr2O7^2- play in redox reactions strongly?
In the dissociation of the coordination compound [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, which ions are produced?
In the dissociation of the coordination compound [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, which ions are produced?
Why are coordination complexes considered to behave as electrolytes in solution?
Why are coordination complexes considered to behave as electrolytes in solution?
What is indicated by the presence of square brackets in a formula of a coordination complex?
What is indicated by the presence of square brackets in a formula of a coordination complex?
Counter ions in coordination compounds primarily serve to:
Counter ions in coordination compounds primarily serve to:
What distinguishes the role of the central metal ion in a coordination complex?
What distinguishes the role of the central metal ion in a coordination complex?
What is the coordination number for a tetrahedral complex?
What is the coordination number for a tetrahedral complex?
Which geometry corresponds to a coordination number of 5?
Which geometry corresponds to a coordination number of 5?
If a complex has a charge of +1 and includes two chloride ligands, what is the oxidation state of the metal?
If a complex has a charge of +1 and includes two chloride ligands, what is the oxidation state of the metal?
Which of the following is NOT a geometry associated with 4 donor atoms in coordination complexes?
Which of the following is NOT a geometry associated with 4 donor atoms in coordination complexes?
What is the oxidation state of cobalt in the complex cation [Co(NH3)6]3+?
What is the oxidation state of cobalt in the complex cation [Co(NH3)6]3+?
Which coordination complex geometry is most commonly associated with a coordination number of 6?
Which coordination complex geometry is most commonly associated with a coordination number of 6?
Which coordination number is exhibited by the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3?
Which coordination number is exhibited by the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3?
In determining the oxidation state of a metal, which of the following components must be considered?
In determining the oxidation state of a metal, which of the following components must be considered?
Which of these geometries can potentially occur with a coordination number of 4?
Which of these geometries can potentially occur with a coordination number of 4?
In the complex [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+, what would be the spatial arrangement if the two chloride ligands are positioned opposite each other?
In the complex [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+, what would be the spatial arrangement if the two chloride ligands are positioned opposite each other?
What aspect of coordination complexes primarily dictates their geometry?
What aspect of coordination complexes primarily dictates their geometry?
What role does nitrogen play in the NH3 ligand in coordination compounds?
What role does nitrogen play in the NH3 ligand in coordination compounds?
In a coordination compound with ligands such as ammonia and chloride, what is the characteristic charge of ammonia?
In a coordination compound with ligands such as ammonia and chloride, what is the characteristic charge of ammonia?
According to Kepert theory, which factor is primarily responsible for the geometries of coordination complexes?
According to Kepert theory, which factor is primarily responsible for the geometries of coordination complexes?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the nature of chlorides in the complex [CoCl2(NH3)4]Cl?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the nature of chlorides in the complex [CoCl2(NH3)4]Cl?
Which term describes the number of donor atoms surrounding a central metal atom in a coordination complex?
Which term describes the number of donor atoms surrounding a central metal atom in a coordination complex?
What is the geometry of the complex [Co(NH3)6]3+?
What is the geometry of the complex [Co(NH3)6]3+?
For the complex [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+, how many isomers are theoretically possible?
For the complex [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+, how many isomers are theoretically possible?
What does a coordination number of 6 indicate about the arrangement of donor atoms around the metal center?
What does a coordination number of 6 indicate about the arrangement of donor atoms around the metal center?
What is the effect of increasing the oxidation state of chromium on its electronegativity?
What is the effect of increasing the oxidation state of chromium on its electronegativity?
Which oxidation state of chromium is associated with the highest ionization energy?
Which oxidation state of chromium is associated with the highest ionization energy?
What property of CrO3 categorizes it as a strong oxidizing agent?
What property of CrO3 categorizes it as a strong oxidizing agent?
What characteristic is true of Cr2O3?
What characteristic is true of Cr2O3?
Who is known as the 'Father of Coordination Chemistry'?
Who is known as the 'Father of Coordination Chemistry'?
What concept did Alfred Werner introduce in relation to coordination compounds?
What concept did Alfred Werner introduce in relation to coordination compounds?
What characterizes the behavior of metal ions within coordination complexes?
What characterizes the behavior of metal ions within coordination complexes?
Which property of chromium oxoanions generally increases with the oxidation state of chromium?
Which property of chromium oxoanions generally increases with the oxidation state of chromium?
What is the main focus of research regarding chromium in health applications?
What is the main focus of research regarding chromium in health applications?
Which of these statements is correct about the acidity of chromium compounds?
Which of these statements is correct about the acidity of chromium compounds?
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Study Notes
Coordination Complexes
- Coordination complexes consist of a central metal cation bonded to ligands.
- The metal cation acts as a Lewis acid, accepting an electron pair from the ligand.
- Ligands act as Lewis bases, donating an electron pair to the metal cation.
- The bond formed between the metal and ligand is called a coordinate covalent bond or dative bond.
- Counter ions may be present to balance the charge of the complex, forming a coordination compound.
###Â Components of Coordination Complexes
- Coordination Number (C.N.) is the number of donor atoms surrounding the metal ion.
Geometry
- Coordination complex geometries are determined by the coordination number and ligand arrangement.
- Common geometries include:
- Linear (2 donor atoms)
- Trigonal planar (3 donor atoms)
- Tetrahedral (4 donor atoms)
- Square planar (4 donor atoms - exception)
- Trigonal bipyramidal (5 donor atoms)
- Octahedral (6 donor atoms)
Calculating Oxidation States
- Metal oxidation state can be calculated by considering:
- The charge of the complex
- The charges of the ligands
Alfred Werner and Coordination Chemistry
- Alfred Werner is considered the "father of coordination chemistry."
- He introduced the concept of coordination number and explained the existence of isomers in coordination complexes.
- He proposed that some metal complexes were not simple ionic salts, but rather, had specific geometries with ligands surrounding the central metal ion.
Chromium Oxoanions
- Oxoanions are negatively charged ions that contain oxygen and one or more other elements.
- Chromium exists in various oxidation states, from +2 to +6.
- Chromium (+6) forms chromate (CrO42-) and dichromate (Cr2O72-), both of which are strong oxidizing agents.
- Cr(+3) is the most stable oxidation state.
- Cr(+2) and Cr(0) are strong reducing agents, easily oxidizing to Cr(+3).
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