40 Questions
What is the term for the number of donations accepted by a central atom from a particular ligand?
Denticity
Which type of ligand has two different donor atoms and can donate through either of them?
Ambidentate ligand
What is the term for a ligand that can exhibit multiple denticities?
Flexidentate ligand
What is the term for a ligand that uses multiple donor atoms to bind a single metal ion?
Chelating ligand
Which type of ligand is capable of forming a ring structure with a metal ion?
Chelating ligand
What is the term for the process of a ligand forming a ring structure with a metal ion?
Chelation
What is the criterion for a complex to be classified as perfect?
It exhibits very less degree of dissociation in solution
What is the primary reason for the increased stability of chelated complexes?
The breaking of multiple bonds during dissociation
What is a characteristic of a polydentate ligand?
It can form multiple bonds with the metal
What is the term for the classification of a complex based on its stability in solution?
Perfect or imperfect complex
What is the preferred ring size for chelating ligands?
5- or 6-membered ring
What is the term for the number of atoms in a ligand that coordinate with a metal center?
Denticity
What is the naming convention for cationic ligands?
They end with the suffix '-ium'
What type of ligands can donate an electron pair to the metal atom/ion?
π-Donor Ligands
What is the prefix used for π-Donor Ligands?
ηx
What type of ligands have multiple binding sites?
Ambidentate Ligands
What is the naming convention for anionic ligands?
They end with the suffix '-ide'
What is the term for the number of atoms in a ligand that bind to the metal atom/ion?
Hapticity
What is the number of geometrical isomers possible for the octahedral complex [Ma2b2c2]n±?
5
Which type of ligand is responsible for facial and meridional isomers in octahedral complexes?
Unsymmetrical bidentate
What is the number of enantiomeric pairs possible for the octahedral complex [M(AA)2ab]n±?
1
Which type of octahedral complex does not show geometrical isomerism?
[M(a6)]n±
What is the number of geometrical isomers possible for the octahedral complex [M(abcdef)]n±?
15
Which type of ligand is responsible for cis and trans isomers in octahedral complexes?
Monodentate
What is the number of enantiomeric pairs possible for the octahedral complex [M(AB)2a2]n±?
4
Which type of octahedral complex exhibits facial and meridional isomers?
[M(AB)3]n±
What is the number of geometrical isomers possible for the octahedral complex [M(a4b2)]n±?
2
Which type of ligand is responsible for optical isomerism in octahedral complexes?
Unsymmetrical bidentate
What is the type of ligand that can behave as a monodentate or bidentate ligand depending on the metal ion?
Flexidentate ligand
Which type of ligand is characterized by having two different donor atoms that can donate to a metal ion?
Ambidentate ligand
What is the term for the number of donations accepted by a central atom from a particular ligand?
Denticity
Which type of ligand is capable of forming a ring structure with a metal ion and has more than two donor atoms?
Polydentate ligand
What is the term for the process of a ligand forming a ring structure with a metal ion?
Chelation
What is the effect of increasing the value of Kf/Ks on the thermodynamic stability of a complex?
It increases the stability
What is the term for a ligand that uses multiple donor atoms to bind a single metal ion?
Chelating ligand
What is the magnetic moment of a complex [FeF6]3− in Bohr Magneton (B.M.)?
5.91 B.M.
What is the limitation of Crystal Field Theory (CFT) in explaining the bonding in complexes?
It considers only the metal ion d-orbitals
What is the reason for the partially covalent character of metal-ligand bonds in complexes?
Due to the partial covalent nature of the bonds
What is the characteristic property of coordination compounds due to their partially filled d-orbitals?
They show a characteristic magnetic property
What is the effect of chelation on the stability of a complex?
It increases the stability
Study Notes
Denticity and Classification of Ligands
- Denticity: The number of donations accepted by a central atom from a particular ligand.
- Monodentate Ligand: Only one donation is accepted from the ligand. Examples: H2O, NO, CO, NH3, Cl−.
- Bidentate Ligand: Two donations are accepted from the ligand. Examples: Ethylenediamine, Oxalate.
- Polydentate Ligand: More than two donations are accepted from the ligand. Examples: Tridentate Ligand (Diethylenetriamine), Tetradentate Ligand (Triethylenetetraamine), Pentadentate Ligand (Ethylenediaminetriacetate), Hexadentate Ligand (Ethylenediaminetetraacetate, EDTA).
Types of Ligands
- Flexidentate Ligand: A ligand that shows flexible denticity. Examples: SO2−3, CH3COO−, NO3−, SO4−2.
- Ambidentate Ligand: A ligand that has two different donor atoms and either of the two ligates/donates in the complex. Examples: NO2−, CN−.
- Chelating Ligand: When a ligand uses two or more of its donor atoms simultaneously to bind a single metal ion and produces a ring. Examples: dmg, Ni 240 pm.
Factors Affecting Stability of Complex
- Greater the value of Kf/Ks, more is the thermodynamic stability of a complex.
- Stability ∝ Number of rings in a chelate complex.
Magnetic Moment of a Complex
- Coordination compounds have partially filled d-orbitals, showing a characteristic magnetic property.
- Formula: Spin-only magnetic moment μ = √(n(n + 2)) B.M.
- Where, n is the number of unpaired electrons.
Limitations of Crystal Field Theory (CFT)
- Limitation 1: It considers only the metal ion d-orbitals.
- Limitation 2: It is unable to explain the relative strengths of ligands.
- Limitation 3: The CFT could not explain the π-bonding in complexes.
- Limitation 4: It gives no account on the partially covalent nature of the metal-ligand bonds.
Applications of Coordination Chemistry
- Biological systems: As catalysts, medicinal chemistry, and other industrial applications.
- Analytical chemistry: Detection and estimation of a metal due to the color produced by the metal when it reacts with a ligand.
- Metallurgy: Coordination chemistry plays a significant role in the extraction of metals from their ores.
Test your knowledge of coordination chemistry by identifying the types of ligands based on their denticity. Learn about monodentate, bidentate, and polydentate ligands and their examples. Improve your understanding of chemistry concepts!
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