Coordination Chemistry Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Lewis acid?

  • It produces H+ ions in solution.
  • It ionizes to produce OH- ions in solution.
  • It accepts a pair of electrons. (correct)
  • It donates a pair of electrons.

What defines a Lewis base in coordination chemistry?

  • It generates H+ ions when dissolved.
  • It donates a pair of electrons. (correct)
  • It accepts protons from acids.
  • It is a proton donor.

How does the Arrhenius definition differ from the Lewis definition of acids and bases?

  • Lewis acids produce H+ ions in water.
  • Arrhenius focuses on ion production in solution. (correct)
  • Arrhenius defines acids based on electron donation.
  • Lewis bases require OH- formation.

In a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, what role does H2CO3 play in the equation H2CO3 + H2O ↔ HCO3- + H3O+?

<p>It functions as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a Lewis acid and Lewis base combine?

<p>A coordination compound. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a dative or coordinate bond?

<p>A bond where one atom donates both electrons to a shared pair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition correctly identifies a Lewis acid?

<p>A substance that accepts an electron pair. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a ligand?

<p>A molecule that can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the coordination number of a metal ion determined?

<p>By determining how many ligands are bonded to the metal ion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following definitions aligns with a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

<p>A proton donor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a bidentate ligand?

<p>It bonds through two different donor atoms to the same metal ion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the geometry around a metal ion in a complex?

<p>The type of ligands attached to the metal ion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the oxidation number of a metal ion indicate?

<p>The charge of the metal ion in a complex or compound. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between the Fe3+ ion and CN- ion in the coordination complex?

<p>Dative or coordinate bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transition metal is mentioned as part of hemoglobin and myoglobin for O2 transport?

<p>Fe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of coordination chemistry?

<p>Interactions between transition metal ions and small molecules or ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metal complexes is mentioned as an anti-cancer agent?

<p>Cisplatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state of the metal ion in the complex [Fe(CN)6]3-?

<p>+3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is found in vitamin B12, playing a significant role in its biological function?

<p>Co (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coordination number of the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]3-?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these biomolecules is mentioned to contain zinc?

<p>Metalloproteinases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ions do Lewis acids typically represent?

<p>Cations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following electronic configurations correctly represents the Fe3+ ion?

<p>[Ar] 3d5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when Fe3+ reacts with 6CN-?

<p>[Fe(CN)6]3- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of coordination chemistry, what are ligands?

<p>Lewis bases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining the electronic configuration for transition metals, which electrons are removed first?

<p>4s electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ligands in the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]3-?

<p>6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What charge does the coordination complex [Fe(CN)6]3- have?

<p>-3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element's configuration is represented as [Ar] 4s23d2?

<p>Titanium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state of platinum (Pt) in the complex ion represented by the equation Pt + 2 Cl- + 2 NH3 = 0?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geometry is associated with a coordination number of 4?

<p>Tetrahedral (C), Square planar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding is characterized by the donation of a pair of electrons from a ligand to a metal ion?

<p>Dative or coordinate bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following coordination compounds is an example of square planar geometry?

<p>[Ni(CN)4]2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coordination number is most commonly associated with octahedral complexes?

<p>6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about coordination compounds is incorrect?

<p>Coordination number indicates the number of metal ions in a complex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of first row d-block metal ions regarding their coordination number?

<p>They usually have a coordination number of 6. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligand is found in both examples for tetrahedral geometry?

<p>NH3 (B), Cl- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligands is classified as bidentate?

<p>2,2'-bipyridine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ligand is ethylenediamine (en)?

<p>Bidentate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the complex ion with the oxidation state of +3, what are the charges of the ligands involved?

<p>All neutral ligands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the coordination number is true?

<p>It is the number of donor atoms attached to the metal ion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly identifies the donation pattern of monodentate ligands?

<p>They donate one pair of electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of polydentate ligands?

<p>They can donate two or more pairs of electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If each Cl- ligand has a charge of -1, what is the total contribution of the ligands in the complex with iron?

<p>-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tridentate ligands is correct?

<p>They are a type of polydentate ligand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the oxidation state of a metal ion in a complex indicate?

<p>The number of electrons the metal lost or gained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lewis acid

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons.

Lewis base

A substance that donates a pair of electrons.

Arrhenius vs. Lewis definitions

The Arrhenius definition focuses on the production of ions in a solution, while the Lewis definition is broader.

H2​CO3 in Brønsted-Lowry

It acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid, donating a proton (H+) to water.

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Coordination compound

A coordination compound is formed when a Lewis acid and a Lewis base combine.

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Dative or Coordinate Bond

A type of bond where one atom donates both electrons to be shared with another atom.

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Ligand

An atom, ion, or molecule that can donate a lone pair of electrons to a metal ion to form a coordinate bond.

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Metal Complex

A complex formed by the coordination of one or more ligands with metal ions.

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Coordination Number

The number of coordination bonds formed by a metal ion with surrounding ligands.

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Oxidation Number

The charge on the metal ion in a complex.

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Arrhenius acid

A substance that ionizes to produce H+ in an aqueous solution.

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Arrhenius base

A substance that ionizes to produce OH- in an aqueous solution.

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Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton (H+) donor. A Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor.

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Oxidation State

The overall charge of the metal cation in a coordination complex.

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Coordinate Covalent Bond

A type of covalent bond formed when one atom contributes both electrons of the shared pair.

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Coordination Chemistry

A branch of chemistry that studies the interactions between transition metals and other molecules or ions. It's all about the coordination compounds!

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Transition Metals

Transition metals are elements in the d-block of the periodic table. They are often colorful and form intricate coordination compounds.

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Cisplatin

Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapy drug, has a square planar geometry. It's a coordination complex that binds to DNA, inhibiting cell growth.

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Coordination compound formation

The formation of a coordination compound occurs when a Lewis acid (metal ion) accepts a pair of electrons from a Lewis base (ligand).

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Role of metal ion and ligand

A metal ion acts as a Lewis acid by accepting a pair of electrons from one or more ligands, which are Lewis bases donating the electrons.

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Transition metal ion configuration

The electronic configuration of a transition metal ion is obtained by first removing the 4s electrons, then removing the 3d electrons.

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What's a complex ion?

A complex ion is formed when a metal ion is surrounded by ligands. This species carries a charge.

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Counter ions in coord. compounds

When a coordination compound forms, the neutral complex ion may be accompanied by counter ions to balance the overall charge.

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Coordinate bond

A coordinate bond, or dative bond, is formed when one atom donates both electrons to be shared with another atom.

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Oxidation number in coordination compounds

The oxidation number of a metal ion in a complex represents the charge on the metal ion. It is determined by the charge on the ligands and the overall charge of the complex.

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Oxidation State of Metal Ion

The charge of the central metal ion in a coordination complex.

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Geometry of Complex Ions

The arrangement of ligands around the central metal ion in a coordination complex.

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Complex ion

A chemical species with a positive or negative charge, containing a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.

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Coordination Complex

The central metal ion surrounded by ligands, forming a complex ion with a specific geometry.

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Monodentate Ligand

A ligand that can donate one pair of electrons.

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Bidentate Ligand

A ligand that can donate two pairs of electrons.

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Oxidation State of the Metal Ion

The charge on the metal ion in a complex, determined by balancing charges.

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Geometric Isomer

A complex ion with a specific geometry based on the number of ligands and their arrangement around the metal ion.

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Optical Isomer

A complex ion with a specific arrangement of ligands around the metal ion, leading to different optical properties.

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Study Notes

Fundamentals of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Coordination Chemistry

  • Learning Outcomes:
    • Define dative/coordinate bonds.
    • Define Lewis, Arrhenius, and Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases.
    • Define coordination compounds.
    • Recall examples of Lewis acids and bases.
    • Define ligand and metal complex.
    • Determine coordination number and oxidation number of a metal ion in a metal complex.
    • Identify/predict the geometry around a metal ion.
    • Define ligand denticity.
    • Recall and identify examples of monodentate and bidentate ligands.
  • General Chemistry - The Essential Concepts by Chang and Goldsby 7e
  • Chapter 20
  • Chapter 10, Section 10.1 on molecular geometry

Ionic Bonding

  • In Ionic bonds, electrons are lost or gained forming ions.
  • The ionic bond is the attraction between the positive and negative ion.

Covalent Bonding

  • The octet rule is achieved by sharing electron pairs in the middle.

Dative (Coordinate) Bond

  • Fe³⁺(aq) + 6CN⁻(aq) → [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻(aq)
  • Electrons from the CN⁻ species are donated to the Fe³⁺ metal ion.

Coordination Compounds

  • Coordination compounds contain one or more metal ions, usually transition metals, surrounded by ligands.

What is Coordination Chemistry?

  • Coordination chemistry studies the interactions between transition metals and molecules or ions.
  • A coordination compound contains one or more metal ions surrounded by ligands.

Why Study Coordination Chemistry?

  • Many biomolecules contain transition metals playing key roles.
    • Examples: Vitamin B12 contains Co, metalloenzymes contain Zn or Fe (e.g, hemoglobin, myoglobin), responsible for oxygen transport and storage.
  • Transition metal complexes can be therapeutic agents (e.g., Pt complexes as anti-cancer agents; Gold complexes as anti-arthritic agents).

What are Transition Metals?

  • Transition elements located in the periodic table.

Structure of Cisplatin

  • Used to treat various types of cancers (e.g., testicular, lung, ovarian).
  • Lewis acid and bases

What are Lewis Acids and Bases?

  • Lewis acid: Accepts electron pairs (electron pair acceptor).
  • Lewis base: Donates electron pairs (electron pair donor).

Arrhenius Definitions of Acids and Bases

  • Arrhenius acid: Ionizes to produce H⁺ in aqueous solution.
  • Arrhenius base: Ionizes to produce OH⁻ in aqueous solution.

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

  • Brønsted-Lowry acid: Proton (H⁺) donor.
  • Brønsted-Lowry base: Proton acceptor.

How do Lewis Acids and Bases Combine to Give Coordination Compounds?

  • Lewis acid (metal ion) accepts electron pairs from Lewis bases (ligands).

Recall Electronic Configurations of First-Row Transition Elements

  • Electronic configurations of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are listed.

Oxidation State of the Metal Ion

  • Determining the oxidation state of the metal ion in a coordination compound.

Ligand Denticity

  • Monodentate: 1 donor atom
  • Bidentate: 2 donor atoms
  • Tridendate: 3 donor atoms
  • Tetradendate: 4 donor atoms
  • Hexadentate: 6 donor atoms
  • Polydentate: 2 or more donor atoms
  • Examples: Monodentate ligands (e.g., H₂O, H₂S, CH₃OH, CH₃SH, F, OH); Bidentate ligands (e.g., oxalate ion (ox), ethylenediamine (en), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy)).

Geometries in Complex Ions

  • Coordination Number:
    • 2: Linear (e.g., [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺)
    • 4: Tetrahedral (e.g., [Zn(NH₃)₄]²⁺, [FeCl₄]⁻); Square planar (e.g., [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻)
    • 6: Octahedral (e.g., [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺)

Examples of Coordination Complexes

  • Examples of neutral complexes and complex ions are described.

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Fundamentals of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry PDF

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