Coordination Chemistry Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Lewis acid?

  • It produces H+ ions in solution.
  • It ionizes to produce OH- ions in solution.
  • It accepts a pair of electrons. (correct)
  • It donates a pair of electrons.

    • What defines a Lewis base in coordination chemistry?

  • It generates H+ ions when dissolved.
  • It donates a pair of electrons. (correct)
  • It accepts protons from acids.
  • It is a proton donor.

    • How does the Arrhenius definition differ from the Lewis definition of acids and bases?

  • Lewis acids produce H+ ions in water.
  • Arrhenius focuses on ion production in solution. (correct)
  • Arrhenius defines acids based on electron donation.
  • Lewis bases require OH- formation.

    • In a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, what role does H2CO3 play in the equation H2CO3 + H2O ↔ HCO3- + H3O+?

    <p>It functions as a Bronsted-Lowry acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a Lewis acid and Lewis base combine?

    <p>A coordination compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a dative or coordinate bond?

    <p>A bond where one atom donates both electrons to a shared pair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition correctly identifies a Lewis acid?

    <p>A substance that accepts an electron pair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a ligand?

    <p>A molecule that can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the coordination number of a metal ion determined?

    <p>By determining how many ligands are bonded to the metal ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following definitions aligns with a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

    <p>A proton donor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a bidentate ligand?

    <p>It bonds through two different donor atoms to the same metal ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the geometry around a metal ion in a complex?

    <p>The type of ligands attached to the metal ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the oxidation number of a metal ion indicate?

    <p>The charge of the metal ion in a complex or compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between the Fe3+ ion and CN- ion in the coordination complex?

    <p>Dative or coordinate bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transition metal is mentioned as part of hemoglobin and myoglobin for O2 transport?

    <p>Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of coordination chemistry?

    <p>Interactions between transition metal ions and small molecules or ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metal complexes is mentioned as an anti-cancer agent?

    <p>Cisplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of the metal ion in the complex [Fe(CN)6]3-?

    <p>+3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is found in vitamin B12, playing a significant role in its biological function?

    <p>Co</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coordination number of the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]3-?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these biomolecules is mentioned to contain zinc?

    <p>Metalloproteinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ions do Lewis acids typically represent?

    <p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electronic configurations correctly represents the Fe3+ ion?

    <p>[Ar] 3d5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when Fe3+ reacts with 6CN-?

    <p>[Fe(CN)6]3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of coordination chemistry, what are ligands?

    <p>Lewis bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When determining the electronic configuration for transition metals, which electrons are removed first?

    <p>4s electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of ligands in the complex ion [Fe(CN)6]3-?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge does the coordination complex [Fe(CN)6]3- have?

    <p>-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element's configuration is represented as [Ar] 4s23d2?

    <p>Titanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of platinum (Pt) in the complex ion represented by the equation Pt + 2 Cl- + 2 NH3 = 0?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geometry is associated with a coordination number of 4?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding is characterized by the donation of a pair of electrons from a ligand to a metal ion?

    <p>Dative or coordinate bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following coordination compounds is an example of square planar geometry?

    <p>[Ni(CN)4]2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coordination number is most commonly associated with octahedral complexes?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about coordination compounds is incorrect?

    <p>Coordination number indicates the number of metal ions in a complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of first row d-block metal ions regarding their coordination number?

    <p>They usually have a coordination number of 6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligand is found in both examples for tetrahedral geometry?

    <p>NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ligands is classified as bidentate?

    <p>2,2'-bipyridine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ligand is ethylenediamine (en)?

    <p>Bidentate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the complex ion with the oxidation state of +3, what are the charges of the ligands involved?

    <p>All neutral ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the coordination number is true?

    <p>It is the number of donor atoms attached to the metal ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly identifies the donation pattern of monodentate ligands?

    <p>They donate one pair of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of polydentate ligands?

    <p>They can donate two or more pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If each Cl- ligand has a charge of -1, what is the total contribution of the ligands in the complex with iron?

    <p>-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tridentate ligands is correct?

    <p>They are a type of polydentate ligand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the oxidation state of a metal ion in a complex indicate?

    <p>The number of electrons the metal lost or gained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fundamentals of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Coordination Chemistry

    • Learning Outcomes:
      • Define dative/coordinate bonds.
      • Define Lewis, Arrhenius, and Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases.
      • Define coordination compounds.
      • Recall examples of Lewis acids and bases.
      • Define ligand and metal complex.
      • Determine coordination number and oxidation number of a metal ion in a metal complex.
      • Identify/predict the geometry around a metal ion.
      • Define ligand denticity.
      • Recall and identify examples of monodentate and bidentate ligands.
    • General Chemistry - The Essential Concepts by Chang and Goldsby 7e
    • Chapter 20
    • Chapter 10, Section 10.1 on molecular geometry

    Ionic Bonding

    • In Ionic bonds, electrons are lost or gained forming ions.
    • The ionic bond is the attraction between the positive and negative ion.

    Covalent Bonding

    • The octet rule is achieved by sharing electron pairs in the middle.

    Dative (Coordinate) Bond

    • Fe³⁺(aq) + 6CN⁻(aq) → [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻(aq)
    • Electrons from the CN⁻ species are donated to the Fe³⁺ metal ion.

    Coordination Compounds

    • Coordination compounds contain one or more metal ions, usually transition metals, surrounded by ligands.

    What is Coordination Chemistry?

    • Coordination chemistry studies the interactions between transition metals and molecules or ions.
    • A coordination compound contains one or more metal ions surrounded by ligands.

    Why Study Coordination Chemistry?

    • Many biomolecules contain transition metals playing key roles.
      • Examples: Vitamin B12 contains Co, metalloenzymes contain Zn or Fe (e.g, hemoglobin, myoglobin), responsible for oxygen transport and storage.
    • Transition metal complexes can be therapeutic agents (e.g., Pt complexes as anti-cancer agents; Gold complexes as anti-arthritic agents).

    What are Transition Metals?

    • Transition elements located in the periodic table.

    Structure of Cisplatin

    • Used to treat various types of cancers (e.g., testicular, lung, ovarian).
    • Lewis acid and bases

    What are Lewis Acids and Bases?

    • Lewis acid: Accepts electron pairs (electron pair acceptor).
    • Lewis base: Donates electron pairs (electron pair donor).

    Arrhenius Definitions of Acids and Bases

    • Arrhenius acid: Ionizes to produce H⁺ in aqueous solution.
    • Arrhenius base: Ionizes to produce OH⁻ in aqueous solution.

    Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

    • Brønsted-Lowry acid: Proton (H⁺) donor.
    • Brønsted-Lowry base: Proton acceptor.

    How do Lewis Acids and Bases Combine to Give Coordination Compounds?

    • Lewis acid (metal ion) accepts electron pairs from Lewis bases (ligands).

    Recall Electronic Configurations of First-Row Transition Elements

    • Electronic configurations of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are listed.

    Oxidation State of the Metal Ion

    • Determining the oxidation state of the metal ion in a coordination compound.

    Ligand Denticity

    • Monodentate: 1 donor atom
    • Bidentate: 2 donor atoms
    • Tridendate: 3 donor atoms
    • Tetradendate: 4 donor atoms
    • Hexadentate: 6 donor atoms
    • Polydentate: 2 or more donor atoms
    • Examples: Monodentate ligands (e.g., H₂O, H₂S, CH₃OH, CH₃SH, F, OH); Bidentate ligands (e.g., oxalate ion (ox), ethylenediamine (en), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy)).

    Geometries in Complex Ions

    • Coordination Number:
      • 2: Linear (e.g., [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺)
      • 4: Tetrahedral (e.g., [Zn(NH₃)₄]²⁺, [FeCl₄]⁻); Square planar (e.g., [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻)
      • 6: Octahedral (e.g., [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺)

    Examples of Coordination Complexes

    • Examples of neutral complexes and complex ions are described.

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    Fundamentals of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores fundamental concepts in coordination chemistry, including definitions and differences among Lewis acid-base theories, ligand characteristics, and the behavior of transition metals. Test your knowledge on coordination numbers, bond types, and the roles of specific ions in reactions.

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