Controlling Viral Infestation in Plants
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Questions and Answers

Viruses cause localized damage to plants, and their effects are limited to the primary site of inoculation.

False

The duration of the incubation period for viral diseases is consistent across all plant species.

False

Viral, viroid, and mycoplasma diseases do not have a significant impact on plant stress, death, and crop yields.

False

Environmental factors do not play a role in influencing the diagnostic indications of viral diseases in plants.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physiology and biochemistry of host cells and tissues remain unchanged in response to viral infections.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Viral infection does not significantly change the metabolism of plants?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Chloroplasts are not affected by viral infection?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Almost all viral diseases are characterized by a decreased total carbohydrate content in plants?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Viral infection does not cause disruption of nitrogen metabolism in plants?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Viral infection does not lead to changes in the respiration activity of plants?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

CRISPR/Cas9 constructs were used to target both coding and non-coding regions in viral genomes, resulting in high resistance to the target virus in transgenic plants.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

FnCas9 from Francisella novicida contains HEPN domains, similar to Cas13.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The apical meristem method has been effective in renewing valuable potato varieties and increasing potato yields by more than 42%.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The CRISPR/Cas13a system has been shown to effectively provide resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strains in transgenic potato plants.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The MAD7 system has been proven to have an efficiency of 65.6% in mutant rice and wheat plants.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breeding programs use the CRISPR-Cas9 method to evaluate genetic defenses of a variety and create transgenic varieties with high resistance to viral diseases

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

More than 200 R genes have been cloned in plants for resistance to viruses, bacteria, and fungi

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

NLR proteins function as extracellular immune receptors and can trigger both extreme resistance and hypersensitivity response

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic silencing using RNA interference involves the upregulation of target gene expression

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signaling systems do not regulate the coordinated accumulation of PR proteins in plants

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transgenic plants with increased RNase expression are less resistant to pathogens

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genome editing using Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and effector nucleases (TALENs) is less labor-intensive compared to CRISPR/Cas systems

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

CRISPR/Cas type VI systems, such as Cas13, require a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site for targeted cleavage of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

RNA manipulation is advantageous over DNA editing because it allows for spatial regulation of RNA products

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cas13 requires tracrRNA for target RNA cleavage in plants

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Transgenic plants with increased RNase expression are more resistant to pathogens, but genetically engineered approaches have disadvantages, such as specific and short-lived resistance, and gene silencing.
  • The cultivation of genetically modified plants resistant to certain viruses can have negative consequences, such as the redistribution of virus species and the spread of other harmful viral infections.
  • Genome editing is a promising approach for developing virus-resistant plants due to its efficiency and precision.
  • Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and effector nucleases (TALENs) were the first tools for genome editing and have been used for several plant species, but they are labor-intensive.
  • CRISPR/Cas systems have surpassed the efficiency of ZFNs and TALENs in plant genome editing. CRISPR/Cas is a powerful tool for targeted genome modification, and scientists consider the CRISPR/Cas-mediated immunity mechanism crucial for fighting viral pathogens.
  • CRISPR/Cas systems include class 1 and class 2 systems, and class 2 systems, such as CRISPR/Cas9, are most widely used for genome editing in plants due to their simpler organization and high efficiency.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 has produced significant advances in plant research, but the practical application of the CRISPR/Cas technology faces challenges, such as the delivery of Cas9 RNA editing complex components into plants, which can result in transgenic plants that are prohibited by legislation in many countries.
  • CRISPR/Cas type VI systems, such as Cas13, can overcome some limitations of CRISPR/Cas systems, such as the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site requirement and non-targeted mutations, by using Cas13 to provide sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules.
  • RNA manipulation is advantageous over DNA editing because it prevents unwanted pleiotropic effects and permits precise and spatial regulation of RNA products.
  • Cas13 cleaves only target RNA molecules and does not require tracrRNA, making it a promising tool for RNA-targeted gene editing in plants.

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Description

Explore contemporary methods for controlling viral infestation in plants and examine the negative effects of viral diseases, the difficulties associated with viral pathogenesis, and efficient preventative measures. This review also delves into molecular and genetic principles underpinning viral pathogenicity to create effective strategies for controlling viral infections.

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