urinary system
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Questions and Answers

Which process drives urine formation by filtering plasma within the Bowman’s capsule?

  • Glomerular filtration (correct)
  • Osmotic filtration
  • Renal secretion
  • Tubular reabsorption

    • What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

  • Filtering blood to form glomerular filtrate (correct)
  • Reabsorbing electrolytes
  • Excreting metabolic waste products
  • Producing renin enzyme

    • In the kidney, what is the role of the loop of Henle?

  • Production of erythropoietin
  • Facilitating reabsorption of water and salts (correct)
  • Excretion of foreign chemicals in the urine
  • Tubular reabsorption of hydrogen ions

    • What mechanism is responsible for the removal of foreign chemicals from the blood and their excretion in the urine?

    <p>Renal secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for controlling calcium balance and is influenced by vitamin D conversion in the kidney?

    <p>1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tubular secretion of hydrogen ions is correct?

    <p>Hydrogen ion secretion occurs primarily in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of incontinence is associated with an overactive bladder?

    <p>Urge incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the loop of Henle, which segment is responsible for the concentration of urine?

    <p>Thick ascending limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the division of labor in the nephron is correct?

    <p>The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of calcium ions and the secretion of hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tubular secretion is correct?

    <p>Active secretion of substances is often coupled to the reabsorption of sodium ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tubular secretion of hydrogen ions?

    <p>To regulate the <strong>pH</strong> of the blood within normal limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the division of labor in the renal tubules is correct?

    <p>The proximal tubule and the loop of Henle are responsible for the majority of reabsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the pH of the blood drops below normal levels, what would be the expected response in the renal tubules?

    <p>The tubular secretion of hydrogen ions would increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of extensive reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle?

    <p>It reduces the workload on the subsequent tubular segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the Loop of Henle in urine concentration?

    <p>The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle reabsorbs 30% of the filtered sodium, contributing to the generation of a high solute concentration in the renal medulla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is primarily secreted by the tubules into the filtrate?

    <p>Hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The permeability of the collecting ducts to water is regulated by which hormone?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of tubular reabsorption?

    <p>Tubular reabsorption begins as soon as the filtrate enters the tubule cells and can occur through both active and passive transport mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can influence the amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood, thereby affecting urine concentration?

    <p>Both body condition and consumption of diuretics in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>To estimate the rate at which fluid is filtered from the glomeruli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can affect the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>The permeability of the corpuscular membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of proteinuria (protein in the urine)?

    <p>Impaired filtration due to damage to the filtration membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the loop of Henle?

    <p>To reabsorb water and concentrate the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential treatment for incontinence?

    <p>Surgical intervention or pelvic floor muscle exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process referred to as tubular reabsorption?

    <p>Movement of filtered substances and water from tubules to blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does two-thirds of the primary urine volume with electrolytes get reabsorbed?

    <p>Proximal tubule and descending limb of the Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process consumes most of the energy in the kidneys during tubular reabsorption?

    <p>Reabsorption of sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is water reabsorbed during the tubular reabsorption process?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do water and solutes diffuse back to the tubular lumen after entering the interstitial spaces?

    <p>Through epithelial tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cortical collecting duct mentioned in the text?

    <p>Concentrate the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of incontinence is often triggered by activities like sneezing, coughing, or exercise?

    <p>Stress incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In incontinence treatment, which medication is commonly used to antagonize the effects of the parasympathetic nerves on the detrusor muscle?

    <p>Tolterodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes urine to become dilute as it moves up through the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

    <p>Loss of Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone uses cAMP systems to trigger the insertion of aquaporins into the principle cells of the collecting ducts?

    <p>Vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is reabsorbed by the cortical collecting duct according to the text?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of drugs used to treat urge incontinence due to their anticholinergic properties?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vasopressin affect the collecting ducts in terms of water movement?

    <p>Promotes water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can severe cases of stress incontinence sometimes require?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with urge incontinence?

    <p>Desire to urinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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