26 Questions
What is the primary function of the sensor in a multivariable control system?
To measure the process output
Who is credited with inventing the first pressure regulator for steam boilers?
Dennis Papin
What is the primary purpose of a feedback signal in a control system?
To compare the process output with the desired output
What type of regulator was used in the water clock of Ktesibios?
Float regulator
What is the primary function of the controller in a multivariable control system?
To adjust the actuator to achieve the desired output
What is the term for the use of feedback to control a system?
Feedback control
What is the name of the book written by Heron of Alexandria that outlines several forms of water-level mechanisms using float regulators?
Pneumatics
What is the primary function of the actuator in a multivariable control system?
To adjust the process output to achieve the desired output
What is the primary goal of state space control?
To design control systems with multiple inputs and outputs
What is the main advantage of PID controllers?
They are robust to changes in system parameters
What is the purpose of the derivative term in a PID controller?
To anticipate future changes in the system
Which of the following is a characteristic of a state space system?
Input-output relationships are described using differential equations
What is the main disadvantage of PID controllers?
They are difficult to tune
What is the purpose of the integral term in a PID controller?
To eliminate the steady-state error
Which of the following is an application of state space control?
All of the above
What is the advantage of using a state space approach to control system design?
It allows for the design of control systems with multiple inputs and outputs
What is the main difference between a PID controller and a state space controller?
PID controllers are based on a transfer function, while state space controllers are based on a state space model
What is the purpose of the proportional term in a PID controller?
To provide a fast response to disturbances
In a closed-loop control system, what is the purpose of the sensor?
To compare the actual level with the desired level
What is the function of the power amplifier in a control system?
To provide the required power to the actuator
What is the purpose of the reference level in a control system?
To set the desired level of operation
What is an example of a familiar control system?
All of the above
What is the function of the actuator in a control system?
To adjust the system to achieve the desired level
What is the purpose of the error measurement in a control system?
To compare the actual level with the desired level
What is an example of an industry application of control systems?
All of the above
What is the function of the operator in a manually controlled closed-loop system?
To compare the actual level with the desired level and adjust the system
Study Notes
Multivariable Control System
- A multivariable control system consists of a desired output, sensor, comparator, actuator, and process
- The sensor measures the actual output, which is compared to the desired output to generate an error signal
- The actuator receives the error signal and adjusts the process to achieve the desired output
Brief History of Automatic Control
- The use of feedback to control a system has a fascinating history dating back to ancient Greece (300-1 B.C.)
- The first applications of feedback control appeared in float regulator mechanisms in Greece
- Examples of early feedback control systems include the water clock of Ktesibios, an oil lamp devised by Philon, and water-level mechanisms using float regulators by Heron of Alexandria
- The first feedback system to be invented in modern Europe was the temperature regulator of Cornelis Drebbel (1572-1633) of Holland
- Dennis Papin (1647-1712) invented the first pressure regulator for steam boilers in 1681
Examples of Control Systems
- A familiar example of a control system is the steering control system in a vehicle
- The system consists of a desired course, a measurement of the actual course, and a measure of the error
- The error is used to generate a corrective action to steer the vehicle back to the desired course
- Other examples of control systems include the regulation of fluid level in a tank, temperature control in a refrigerator, and speed controls in industry.
Test your knowledge on control systems, including desired output, comparison, and actuators. This quiz covers the basics of control systems and their components.
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