Control Structures in C Programming

16 Questions

What are the two categories of control statements in C?

Branching Statements and Looping Statements

What is the purpose of an array?

To represent many instances of data with a logical relation among them

What is a characteristic of an array?

Elements are stored in contiguous memory locations

What is the indexing technique used to access elements in an array?

Using index numbers starting from 0

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an array?

Dynamic indexing

What is the range of indices in an array?

From 0 to size-1

What is the use of 'if' and 'switch' statements in C?

For branching and decision-making

How many characteristics does an array have?

What is the primary advantage of arrays in terms of access time?

Access time is constant regardless of the element's position

How can an array be declared in C?

By specifying its type and size, or by initializing it, or both

What is the purpose of the variables vector in array declaration?

To clarify how the compiler declares and stores variables

What is the formula to access an element in a one-dimensional array?

Base address + I X element size

What is the consequence of not having index out of bounds checking in C?

The program may access memory locations outside the array

How are multi-dimensional arrays declared in C?

Data_Type Array_Name [Dim1_Size][Dim2_Size]

What is the equation to access an element in a two-dimensional array?

Base address + A X 2nd Dim_array_size + B X data_element_size

What is the allocation of the array in memory?

Contiguous blocks of memory starting from the base address

Study Notes

Control Statements in C

There are two categories of control statements in C: Branching Statements and Looping Statements
Branching Statements include if statement and switch statement
Looping Statements include for statement, while statement, and do..while statement

Arrays in C

An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations
Elements can be accessed randomly using indices of an array
All elements in an array must be of the same data type
Arrays can store primitive data types (int, float, double, char, long) or complex data types (structures, arrays)
Seven characteristics of arrays:
- Homogeneous: All elements have the same data type
- Fixed size: The size of the array cannot be changed at runtime
- Contiguous: All elements are allocated in contiguous memory locations
- Indexed: Uses indexing technique to access any element
- Ordered: Elements are ordered
- Finite (Limited): Any array has a first and last place
- Random or Direct Access: Time consumed to reach any element is constant

Array Declaration in C

Arrays can be declared by specifying its type and size, by initializing it, or both
Syntax: Data_Type Array_Name [Array_Size]; or Data_Type [Array_Size] Array_Name;

Array Storage in Memory

The compiler generates a Variables Vector to declare and store variables
The allocation of the array in memory starts from the base address with a length equal to the number of elements multiplied by the element size
The equation to access any element of the array is: address of element with index I = base address + I X element size

Two-Dimensional Arrays

A two-dimensional array is declared as Data_Type Array_Name [Dim1_Size][Dim2_Size];
The equation for the two-dimensional array is: address of element with index A, B = base address + A X Dim2_Size X data_element_size + B X data_element_size
Multi-indices are used to access array elements, with each level of index representing a dimensional level

This quiz covers the control flow statements in C programming, including branching statements like if and switch, and looping statements like for, while, and do-while.

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