Control Structures in C Programming

Control Statements in C

• There are two categories of control statements in C: Branching Statements and Looping Statements
• Branching Statements include if statement and switch statement
• Looping Statements include for statement, while statement, and do..while statement

Arrays in C

• An array is a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations
• Elements can be accessed randomly using indices of an array
• All elements in an array must be of the same data type
• Arrays can store primitive data types (int, float, double, char, long) or complex data types (structures, arrays)
• Seven characteristics of arrays:
  • Homogeneous: All elements have the same data type
  • Fixed size: The size of the array cannot be changed at runtime
  • Contiguous: All elements are allocated in contiguous memory locations
  • Indexed: Uses indexing technique to access any element
  • Ordered: Elements are ordered
  • Finite (Limited): Any array has a first and last place
  • Random or Direct Access: Time consumed to reach any element is constant

Array Declaration in C

• Arrays can be declared by specifying its type and size, by initializing it, or both
• Syntax: Data_Type Array_Name [Array_Size]; or Data_Type [Array_Size] Array_Name;

Array Storage in Memory

• The compiler generates a Variables Vector to declare and store variables
• The allocation of the array in memory starts from the base address with a length equal to the number of elements multiplied by the element size
• The equation to access any element of the array is: address of element with index I = base address + I X element size

Two-Dimensional Arrays

• A two-dimensional array is declared as Data_Type Array_Name [Dim1_Size][Dim2_Size];
• The equation for the two-dimensional array is: address of element with index A, B = base address + A X Dim2_Size X data_element_size + B X data_element_size
• Multi-indices are used to access array elements, with each level of index representing a dimensional level

This quiz covers the control flow statements in C programming, including branching statements like if and switch, and looping statements like for, while, and do-while.