Contract Law Cases Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of damages were recoverable in Leahy v Rawson?

  • Punitive damages
  • Losses from a business plan
  • Damages for defective construction (correct)
  • General economic losses

    • What was the significance of the Tom Joins a Gym case concerning consumer rights?

  • It clarified the effectiveness of verbal contracts in consumer agreements.
  • It established that all contract terms are binding.
  • It indicated that liability exclusions for personal injuries may be invalid if unfair. (correct)
  • It confirmed that consumers cannot challenge any contract terms.

    • What critical aspect did the ruling in Commissioner of An Garda Síochána v Roland Boyle highlight about recruitment practices?

  • Arbitrary age limits must be justified or they violate discrimination laws. (correct)
  • Recruitment age limits are always necessary for security roles.
  • Employers can set any recruitment criteria they wish.
  • Age limits can be determined solely by public opinion.

    • In Hadley v Baxendale, what is the primary distinction regarding damages?

    <p>Special damages are recoverable only when the defendant is aware of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established by the Hedley Byrne v Heller case concerning negligent misstatements?

    <p>Liability may arise if a special relationship exists between parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal principle was established in the case of Pharmaceutical Society v Boots?

    <p>A contract is formed when the customer pays at the till.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Thomas v Thomas, what was established regarding consideration in contracts?

    <p>Consideration can be minimal as long as it has legal value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of forbearance in contract law, as demonstrated by Hamer v Sidway?

    <p>Refraining from a legal right may constitute valid consideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ruling in Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking illustrate regarding exclusion clauses?

    <p>Exclusion clauses must be accepted with full knowledge of the terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key concept about promotional promises was addressed in Keefe v Ryanair Holdings?

    <p>Promotional promises can form enforceable contracts if they include consideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the court in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co rule regarding the offer?

    <p>The advertisement was deemed a legally binding offer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of Hadley v Baxendale regarding damages in contract law?

    <p>Damages must always be proven to be foreseeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle was established in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co regarding advertisements?

    <p>Clear promises in advertisements can constitute binding offers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Carey v Independent Newspapers, what dual consequence arose from a statement made during negotiations?

    <p>It became a term of the contract and a misrepresentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the case of Tradax Ireland v Irish Grain Board emphasize about contract law?

    <p>Fundamental issues are required to rewrite contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the ruling in Carna Foods Ltd v Eagle Star Insurance regarding implied terms?

    <p>Implied terms must clearly reflect the intentions of the parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rogers v Parish (Scarborough) Ltd, what was determined about the quality of the vehicle?

    <p>The vehicle was merchantable despite multiple defects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the court decide in Bartlett v Sidney Marcus regarding the seller's liability?

    <p>The buyer was liable for defects upon acceptance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important lesson does Jewson Ltd v Boyhan provide to buyers?

    <p>Buyers must communicate specific purposes to sellers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking clarify about exclusion clauses?

    <p>Exclusion clauses must be explicitly incorporated at the time of contracting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor does the remedy depend on in breach of contract cases?

    <p>The severity of the breach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of Irish Telephone Rentals v ICS Building Society, what was significant about the breach?

    <p>It undermined the core purpose of the contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be recovered as damages in cases of negligence as illustrated by Parsons (Livestock) Ltd v Uttley Ingham & Co?

    <p>Consequential losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dual liability was highlighted in Carey v Independent Newspapers (2004)?

    <p>For breach of contract and misleading conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the court decide regarding speculative damages in O'Keefe v Ryanair?

    <p>Alternatives like reliance damages may be more appropriate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle was established in Hadley v Baxendale regarding damages?

    <p>Unusual losses need to be communicated at contract formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd, what was the outcome regarding special losses?

    <p>They were denied due to lack of communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'remoteness of damages' refer to as established in contract law?

    <p>The distance from the breach to the resultant damages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dual liability in a misrepresentation case involve?

    <p>Breach of contract and misrepresentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the case Hadley v Baxendale significant in contract law?

    <p>It restricted recovery to foreseeable losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the ruling in Carroll v An Post (1996)?

    <p>Terms need to be clearly communicated for them to be binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lesson can be drawn from Interfoto Picture Library v Stiletto Visual Programmes (1988)?

    <p>Unusual or burdensome terms must be explicitly communicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does Clayton Love v B&I Steam Packet Co (1970) reinforce?

    <p>Fundamental obligations cannot be excluded by any clauses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of Chapelton v Barry Urban District Council, what was determined about the binding nature of terms on a receipt?

    <p>Terms must be displayed on official contract documents to be binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What established principle arises from Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd (1949)?

    <p>Timing is critical for incorporating terms into contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What expands the scope of implied terms in contract law as seen in Attorney-General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd (2009)?

    <p>Implied terms are necessary for contracts to function as intended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the officious bystander test as described in Shirlaw v Southern Foundries (1926) Ltd (1939)?

    <p>Implied terms must be so obvious that they go without saying.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In The Moorcock (1889), what concept is introduced regarding contractual terms?

    <p>Terms necessary for the contract’s effectiveness may be implied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of innominate terms entail as introduced in Hong Kong Fir Shipping v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha (1962)?

    <p>Some contractual terms might not fit neatly into defined categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Contract Law Cases

    • Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893): Contract Law (Offer and Acceptance). The company promised money if customers got sick after using its product. The court held the advertisement was a valid offer, not just a sales puff. Reference: Terms of Contract and Consumer Remedies (Slide 3).

    • Pharmaceutical Society v Boots (1953): Contract Law (Invitation to Treat). Displaying goods in a store is not an offer but an invitation to treat. The contract is formed when the customer pays at the till. Reference: Introduction to Contract Law (Slide 5).

    • Routledge v Grant (1828): Contract Law (Revocation of Offer). An offer can be revoked at any time before acceptance, even if a deadline for acceptance was stated. The offeror can revoke the offer. Relevance: Importance of timely acceptance and the offeror's right to withdraw. Slide Reference: Introduction to Contract Law (Slide 7).

    • Hadley v Baxendale (1854): Contract Law (Remoteness of Damages). Damages can only be claimed if the loss was foreseeable at the time of contract formation. Reference: Contract Remedies (Slide 9).

    • Victoria Laundry v Newman Industries (1949): Contract Law (Loss of Profits). A business can claim damages for lost profits if the losses were foreseeable when the contract was made. Reference: Contract Remedies (Slide 10).

    Additional Contract Law Cases

    • Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking (1971): Contract Law (Exclusion Clauses). Terms must be clearly communicated before a contract is formed. Surprise terms after the contract is agreed are not binding. Reference: Terms of Contract and Consumer Remedies (Slide 12).

    • Thomas v Thomas (1842): Legal Principle: Consideration does not need to be equivalent in value but must be something of legal value. A nominal rent and promise to maintain the property was valid consideration. Demonstrates that even minimal or non-monetary promises can constitute valid consideration.

    • Hamer v Sidway (1891, US): Legal Principle: Abstaining from a legal right can be valid consideration. Here, the uncle's promise to pay $5,000 in return for the nephew's abstention was enforceable. Expands the concept of consideration to include forbearance.

    • Keefe v Ryanair Holdings (2002): Legal Principle: A promotional promise can constitute a contract if it meets the elements of offer and consideration. Ryanair's promise of free flights was questioned as a gift or binding. Demonstrates the boundaries between promotional promises and legally binding agreements.

    Further Cases (Tort and Employment Law)

    (These sections contain examples from additional sections in the document)

    • Donoghue v Stevenson (1932): Tort Law (Negligence/Duty of Care). A manufacturer owed a duty of care to a customer for a harmful product. Reference: Tort Law (Slide 4).

    • Hedley Byrne v Heller (1964): Tort Law (Negligent Misstatement). Businesses can be liable if they give negligent advice causing financial loss. Reference: Tort Law (Slide 8).

    • Parsons v Uttley Ingham (1978): Tort Law (Negligence/Foreseeability). Farmers could claim damages when animals got sick due to a supplier's negligence. Reference: Tort Law (Slide 9).

    • Karshan (Midlands) v Revenue Commissioners (2019): Employment Law (Employee Status). Delivery drivers were considered employees, not independent contractors. Reference: Introduction to Employment Law (Slide 6).

    • UBER BV v Aslam (2019): Employment Law (Worker Rights). Uber drivers were classified as workers, entitled to employment rights such as minimum wage and paid leave. Reference: Introduction to Employment Law (Slide 8).

    Additional Cases (Business and Consumer Law)

    (These sections contain examples from still more sections of the document)

    • Carey v Independent Newspapers (2004): Business Regulation (Contract and Misrepresentation). An employment agreement promising remote work was found to be a binding contract term. Reference: Business Regulation (Slide 6).

    • Rogers v Parish (1987): Consumer Law (Quality of Goods). A car with defects was deemed unsatisfactory under the Sale of Goods Acts.

    • Bartlett v Sidney Marcus (1965): Consumer Law (Second-Hand Goods). A second-hand car with a known defect still met the standard of merchantable quality, as the defect was disclosed.

    • Jewson Ltd v Boyhan: Consumer Law (Merchantable Quality). Goods must meet reasonable quality standards unless specific issues are communicated.

    • O'Keefe v Ryanair (2003): Business Regulation (Misrepresentation). Ryanair was liable for misleading promises.

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    Contract Law Cases PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on landmark contract law cases! This quiz covers crucial principles such as offer and acceptance, invitation to treat, revocation of offers, and remoteness of damages. Familiarize yourself with pivotal cases like Carlill v Carbolic and Hadley v Baxendale.

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