Continuous Infections Quiz

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What kind of infections are considered continuous?

Intermittent

Acute

Intravascular (correct)

Chronic

What kind of infections are localized?

Systemic

Intermittent (correct)

Chronic

Acute

Which clinical specimen should be processed immediately?

CSF (correct)

Blood

Urine

Sputum

What organisms are the main causes of bacterial meningitis? (Select all that apply)

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

Which organism usually causes upper respiratory infections (pharynx)?

Group A Strep Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a broad spectrum antibacterial?

Ampicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibacterial?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of bacteriostatic antibacterials? (Select all that apply)

Chloramphenicols Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are bactericidal? (Select all that apply)

Penicillin Signup and view all the answers

What does MIC stand for?

Minimum inhibitory concentration Signup and view all the answers

What does MBC stand for?

Minimum bacterial concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are antimycobacterial agents?

Isoniazid, ethambutol, cycloserine, ethionamide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are beta lactam antibiotics?

Penicillin, cephalosporins, cephamycins, carbapenem Signup and view all the answers

What do beta lactams do?

Inhibit cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the targets of beta lactams?

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a beta-lactam antibiotic resistance mechanism?

Express less PBP Signup and view all the answers

Match each beta lactam class to its description

A = Most common class (penicillinases in gram - rods) B = Broad spectrum C = Cephalosporinases encoded on bacterial chromosome D = Penicillinases found in gram - rods Signup and view all the answers

What do extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) do?

Inactivate penicillin and cephalosporin (encode on plasmids) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell wall inhibitors has the following description:

example: Vancomycin

Effective against gram-positive bacteria

Prevents bridges between peptidoglycan chains

Important to treat oxacillin-resistant staph and other resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics?

Glycopeptides Signup and view all the answers

What is intrinsic vancomycin resistance based on?

Terminal pentapeptide chains Signup and view all the answers

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Bactericidal

Example: Daptomycin

Binds to membrane and depolarizes

Effective against gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are resistant?

Lipopeptides Signup and view all the answers

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitors match the following description?

Example: Bacitracin

Topically applied products

Treats skin infections by Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are resistant.

Polypeptides Signup and view all the answers

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Inserts into bacterial membranes and increases permeability

Types B and E (colistin) can cause nephrotoxicity and are only used externally

Effective against Gram-negative rods?

Polymyxins Signup and view all the answers

Match each mycobacterium treatment to its description:

Isoniazid = Effective against replicating bacteria unknown mechanism; impacts synthesis of mycolic acid Ethionamide = Derivative of isoniazid (same effect) Ethambutol = Interferes with synthesis of arabinogalactan (complexes with peptidoglycan in cell wall) Cycloserine = Inhibits enzymes that synthesize cell wall (D-alanine-D-alanine synthetase and alanine racemase) Signup and view all the answers

Match each protein synthesis inhibitor to its description

Aminoglycosides = Premature release of peptide chains from 30S ribosome Tetracyclines = Prevent polypeptide elongation at 30S ribosome Glyclcyclines = Binds 30S ribosome prevent protein synthesis Oxazolidinone = Prevent initiation of protein synthesis at 50S ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options prevent polypeptide elongation of the 50S ribosome?

Macrolides, ketolides, clindamycin, streptogramins Signup and view all the answers

Match each protein synthesis inhibitor to its description

<h1>Chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides = Binds 50S ribosomal subunit; prevent peptide bond formation; stop protein synthesis Aminoglycosides = Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit; Impair proofreading, resulting in faulty proteins Tetracyclines = Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit; Block the binding of tRNAs --> inhibit protein synthesis</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein synthesis inhibitor are anaerobes and bacteria in anaerobic environments resistant to?

Aminoglycosides Signup and view all the answers

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Binds reversibly to 30S ribosomal subunits and blocks tRNA binding

Effective against Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia (gram positive and gram negative)?

Tetracyclines Signup and view all the answers

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Broad spectrum

Inhibits host protein synthesis in bone marrow

Binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunit --> blocks peptide elongation?

Chloramphenicol Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of resistance in chloramphenicol?

Plasmid encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inhibitor of nucleic acids synthesis?

Quinolones Signup and view all the answers

What do quinolones inhibit?

Topoisomerase III Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a narrow spectrum (targets gram-negative rods) quinolone?

Nalidixic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are broad spectrum quinolones? (Select all that apply)

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an extended spectrum quinolone?

Moxifloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nucleic acid inhibitors is bacteriocidal for TB?

Rifampin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nucleic acid inhibitors is effective against M. avium?

Rifabutin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an antimetabolite antibiotic?

Sulfonamides Signup and view all the answers

Match each antimetabolite to its its function

<h1>Sulfonamides = Prevent synthesis of folic acid Trimethoprim = Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase; blocks formation of thymidine Dapsone = Useful in mycobacteria infections</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Continuous Infections Quiz

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What kind of infections are considered continuous?

What kind of infections are localized?

Which clinical specimen should be processed immediately?

What organisms are the main causes of bacterial meningitis? (Select all that apply)

Which organism usually causes upper respiratory infections (pharynx)?

Which of the following is an example of a broad spectrum antibacterial?

What is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibacterial?

What are examples of bacteriostatic antibacterials? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following are bactericidal? (Select all that apply)

What does MIC stand for?

What does MBC stand for?

Which of the following are antimycobacterial agents?

Which of the following are beta lactam antibiotics?

What do beta lactams do?

What are the targets of beta lactams?

Which of the following is NOT a beta-lactam antibiotic resistance mechanism?

Match each beta lactam class to its description

What do extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) do?

Which of the following cell wall inhibitors has the following description: example: Vancomycin Effective against gram-positive bacteria Prevents bridges between peptidoglycan chains Important to treat oxacillin-resistant staph and other resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics?

What is intrinsic vancomycin resistance based on?

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description: Bactericidal Example: Daptomycin Binds to membrane and depolarizes Effective against gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are resistant?

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitors match the following description? Example: Bacitracin Topically applied products Treats skin infections by Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are resistant.

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description: Inserts into bacterial membranes and increases permeability Types B and E (colistin) can cause nephrotoxicity and are only used externally Effective against Gram-negative rods?

Match each mycobacterium treatment to its description:

Match each protein synthesis inhibitor to its description

Which of these options prevent polypeptide elongation of the 50S ribosome?

Match each protein synthesis inhibitor to its description

Which protein synthesis inhibitor are anaerobes and bacteria in anaerobic environments resistant to?

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description: Binds reversibly to 30S ribosomal subunits and blocks tRNA binding Effective against Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia (gram positive and gram negative)?

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description: Broad spectrum Inhibits host protein synthesis in bone marrow Binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunit --> blocks peptide elongation?

What is the mode of resistance in chloramphenicol?

Which of the following is an inhibitor of nucleic acids synthesis?

What do quinolones inhibit?

Which of the following is a narrow spectrum (targets gram-negative rods) quinolone?

Which of the following are broad spectrum quinolones? (Select all that apply)

Which of the following is an extended spectrum quinolone?

Which of the following nucleic acid inhibitors is bacteriocidal for TB?

Which of the following nucleic acid inhibitors is effective against M. avium?

Which of the following is an example of an antimetabolite antibiotic?

Match each antimetabolite to its its function

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Which of the following cell wall inhibitors has the following description:

example: Vancomycin

Effective against gram-positive bacteria

Prevents bridges between peptidoglycan chains

Important to treat oxacillin-resistant staph and other resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics?

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Bactericidal

Example: Daptomycin

Binds to membrane and depolarizes

Effective against gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are resistant?

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitors match the following description?

Example: Bacitracin

Topically applied products

Treats skin infections by Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are resistant.

Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Inserts into bacterial membranes and increases permeability

Types B and E (colistin) can cause nephrotoxicity and are only used externally

Effective against Gram-negative rods?

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Binds reversibly to 30S ribosomal subunits and blocks tRNA binding

Effective against Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia (gram positive and gram negative)?

Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

Broad spectrum

Inhibits host protein synthesis in bone marrow

Binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunit --> blocks peptide elongation?