Continuous Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What kind of infections are considered continuous?

  • Intermittent
  • Acute
  • Intravascular (correct)
  • Chronic

    • What kind of infections are localized?

  • Systemic
  • Intermittent (correct)
  • Chronic
  • Acute

    • Which clinical specimen should be processed immediately?

  • CSF (correct)
  • Blood
  • Urine
  • Sputum

    • What organisms are the main causes of bacterial meningitis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism usually causes upper respiratory infections (pharynx)?

    <p>Group A Strep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a broad spectrum antibacterial?

    <p>Ampicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a narrow-spectrum antibacterial?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of bacteriostatic antibacterials? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Chloramphenicols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are bactericidal? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MIC stand for?

    <p>Minimum inhibitory concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MBC stand for?

    <p>Minimum bacterial concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are antimycobacterial agents?

    <p>Isoniazid, ethambutol, cycloserine, ethionamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are beta lactam antibiotics?

    <p>Penicillin, cephalosporins, cephamycins, carbapenem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do beta lactams do?

    <p>Inhibit cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the targets of beta lactams?

    <p>Penicillin-binding proteins (PBP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a beta-lactam antibiotic resistance mechanism?

    <p>Express less PBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each beta lactam class to its description

    <p>A = Most common class (penicillinases in gram - rods) B = Broad spectrum C = Cephalosporinases encoded on bacterial chromosome D = Penicillinases found in gram - rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) do?

    <p>Inactivate penicillin and cephalosporin (encode on plasmids)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell wall inhibitors has the following description:

    • example: Vancomycin
    • Effective against gram-positive bacteria
    • Prevents bridges between peptidoglycan chains
    • Important to treat oxacillin-resistant staph and other resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics?

    <p>Glycopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intrinsic vancomycin resistance based on?

    <p>Terminal pentapeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

    • Bactericidal
    • Example: Daptomycin
    • Binds to membrane and depolarizes
    • Effective against gram-positive bacteria
    • Gram-negative bacteria are resistant?

    <p>Lipopeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell wall synthesis inhibitors match the following description?

    • Example: Bacitracin
    • Topically applied products
    • Treats skin infections by Gram-positive bacteria
    • Gram-negative bacteria are resistant.

    <p>Polypeptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell wall synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

    • Inserts into bacterial membranes and increases permeability
    • Types B and E (colistin) can cause nephrotoxicity and are only used externally
    • Effective against Gram-negative rods?

    <p>Polymyxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each mycobacterium treatment to its description:

    <p>Isoniazid = Effective against replicating bacteria unknown mechanism; impacts synthesis of mycolic acid Ethionamide = Derivative of isoniazid (same effect) Ethambutol = Interferes with synthesis of arabinogalactan (complexes with peptidoglycan in cell wall) Cycloserine = Inhibits enzymes that synthesize cell wall (D-alanine-D-alanine synthetase and alanine racemase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each protein synthesis inhibitor to its description

    <p>Aminoglycosides = Premature release of peptide chains from 30S ribosome Tetracyclines = Prevent polypeptide elongation at 30S ribosome Glyclcyclines = Binds 30S ribosome prevent protein synthesis Oxazolidinone = Prevent initiation of protein synthesis at 50S ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options prevent polypeptide elongation of the 50S ribosome?

    <p>Macrolides, ketolides, clindamycin, streptogramins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each protein synthesis inhibitor to its description

    <h1>Chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides = Binds 50S ribosomal subunit; prevent peptide bond formation; stop protein synthesis Aminoglycosides = Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit; Impair proofreading, resulting in faulty proteins Tetracyclines = Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit; Block the binding of tRNAs --&gt; inhibit protein synthesis</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein synthesis inhibitor are anaerobes and bacteria in anaerobic environments resistant to?

    <p>Aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

    • Binds reversibly to 30S ribosomal subunits and blocks tRNA binding
    • Effective against Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia (gram positive and gram negative)?

    <p>Tetracyclines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein synthesis inhibitor has the following description:

    • Broad spectrum
    • Inhibits host protein synthesis in bone marrow
    • Binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunit --> blocks peptide elongation?

    <p>Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of resistance in chloramphenicol?

    <p>Plasmid encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an inhibitor of nucleic acids synthesis?

    <p>Quinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do quinolones inhibit? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Topoisomerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a narrow spectrum (targets gram-negative rods) quinolone?

    <p>Nalidixic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are broad spectrum quinolones? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an extended spectrum quinolone?

    <p>Moxifloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nucleic acid inhibitors is bacteriocidal for TB?

    <p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nucleic acid inhibitors is effective against M. avium?

    <p>Rifabutin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an antimetabolite antibiotic?

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each antimetabolite to its its function

    <h1>Sulfonamides = Prevent synthesis of folic acid Trimethoprim = Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase; blocks formation of thymidine Dapsone = Useful in mycobacteria infections</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is described as an antimetabolite effective against both Gram - and Gram + bacteria, Nocardia, chlamydia, and protozoa, and has resistance mechanisms involving Pseudomonas preventing drug uptake and Enterococci using exogenous thymidine?

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is described here:

    • Active against M. tuberculosis
    • First line drug for treatment of M. leprae
    • Lipophilic and binds to mycobacteria DNA?

    <p>Clofazimine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fits this description:

    • Active against M. tuberculosis in low pH (phagolysosome)
    • Mechanism of action is unknown?

    <p>Pyrazinamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following blocks HIV from entering CD4 cells?

    <p>CCR5 antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are used for HIV and HSV? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Heparan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each antifungal to its MOA

    <h1>echinocandins = Inhibits synthesis of 1,3, beta glucans (toxic to fungus) azoles = Inhibit cytochrome P450 dependant enzyme lanoserol- 14-alpha-demethylase terbinafine = Inhibits squalene spoxidase – decreases ergosterol</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each antifungal to its MOR

    <p>azoles = RARE but In Candida: change target enzyme ; In Aspergillus: increase drug efflux and alter the target enzyme; In Neoformans: overexpress MDR pumps and alter target enzyme echinocandins = Minimal resistance linked to long term use polyenes = Resistance is uncommon terbinafine = Presence of CDR1 multidrug efflux pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each antifungal to its spectrum of activity

    <h1>echinocandins = Administered IV polyenes = Broad spectrum; Nephrotoxicity, fever, chills, bronchospasm, hypotension side effects terbinafine = Treats dermatophytes; Broad spectrum</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each viral step to its inhibitors

    <p>Antibody receptor antagonists = Recognition; attachment Amantadine, Arildone, Rimantadine, Tromanadine = Uncoating Interferon, antisense, oligomers = transcription interferon = protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each viral step to its inhibitors

    <p>Nucleotide analogs, phosphonoformate = replication Protease inhibitors = assembly; Lysis and release ribavirin = Nucleotide biosynthesis and mutation acyclovir, penciclovir = Thymidine Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each Nucleoside to the virus its approved for

    <p>Famciclovir = HSV acyclovir = VSV valacyclovir = VSV and CMV ganciclovir; cidofovir = CMV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a symptom of endocarditis?

    <p>Pharyngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of congestive heart failure?

    <p>Corynebacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens does not cause infectious endocarditis?

    <p>Corynebacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

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