Contemporary Theories of Racism

Study Notes

Race

A system of social categorization and stratification imposed externally.
No biological basis for distinct human races; viewed as a continuum of characteristics.
Socially constructed and relevant to physical traits deemed important by society.

Racialization

The process of applying racial schemas to societal structures and interactions.

Mainstream Conceptions of Racism

Four key components: stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and racism.

Contemporary Sociological Theories of Racism

Various theories include:
- Declining Significance
- Covert Racism
- Symbolic Racism
- Color-blind Racism
- Intersectionality
- Institutional Racism
- Systemic Racism
- Critical Race Theory
- Whiteness Studies

Systemic Racism Overview

Defined as institutionalized racial oppression.
Operates within institutions largely controlled by elite white men.
Supported by ideologies reinforcing white supremacy and perceived black inferiority.
Influenced by the White Racial Frame, promoting pro-white and anti-black sentiments.
Involves racial stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.
Countered by Black anti-oppression frameworks and resistance movements.

White Racism

Considered endemic and foundational to American society.
Not an incidental aspect; deeply ingrained in societal structures.
Maintains a system of white social privileges through racial prejudices and discrimination.

Racism Embedded in Basic Institutions

Present in various domains, including:
- Political systems (Racial Democracy)
- Economic structures (Racial Capitalism)
- Legal and military frameworks
- Law enforcement and the prison system
- Education systems
- Media, entertainment, and advertising
- Labor organizations and markets

White Racial Frame

Functions as a cognitive filter influencing how people interpret their experiences and information.

David Hume

Scottish philosopher who expressed beliefs in 1742 regarding racial superiority.
Claimed historical absence of civilized nations among people of color and noted perceived deficiencies in their culture and achievements.

Ben Franklin

Notable figure who, in 1751, questioned the integration of black individuals into American society.
Suggested exclusive practices to enhance the population of white and Native Americans over those of African descent.

Description

Explore the various sociological theories related to racism, including racialization and systemic racism. Understand key components such as stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination, while examining how these concepts shape societal interactions and structures. This quiz provides a comprehensive overview of the definitions and implications of racism in contemporary society.