Contemporary Career Theories Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to the text, how many categories can career theories be broadly grouped into?

Three categories (correct)

Five categories

Four categories

Two categories

What did early career theories focus on according to the text?

Predicting future career trends

Assessing important characteristics of individuals and work environments (correct)

Exploring the impact of technology on careers

Analyzing global career patterns

Who proposed the early career theories?

Parsons (correct)

Dr. Adil Al-Balushi

N. Anderson

B. M. Wiernik

What is the focus of developmental career theories according to the text?

Explaining the processes through which individuals enter, manage, explain, and leave their careers Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what do person-environment fit theories hypothesize?

A match between person and environment would lead to positive outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of management career models according to the text?

Managing career transitions within organizations Signup and view all the answers

According to Savickas, why are psychometric assessments useful in career counseling?

They provide a useful vocabulary for examining and discussing clients’ constructed meanings Signup and view all the answers

What does Savickas caution vocational psychologists and career counselors against?

Treating linguistic abstractions as if they were a real thing Signup and view all the answers

What did G. D. Gottfredson strongly criticize about the postmodern movement in career research?

Its tendency to disregard quantitative research Signup and view all the answers

Why did Gottfredson call the postmodern perspective 'unscientific'?

Its disregard for quantitative research Signup and view all the answers

What did Hesketh caution about in the context of vocational psychology and career counseling?

The postmodern movement's preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony Signup and view all the answers

According to Savickas, why are psychometric assessments may be useful in career counseling?

They provide a useful vocabulary for examining and discussing clients’ constructed meanings Signup and view all the answers

According to Super's theory of career development, how many stages are included?

Five stages, which can be repeated multiple times Signup and view all the answers

What does Gottfredson's theory of career choice and development consider alongside sociocultural factors?

Hereditary and biological factors alongside sociocultural factors Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals eliminate career options based on, according to classic career development models?

Perceived lack of power, sex roles, and social prestige Signup and view all the answers

What does constructivism focus on in contemporary career theories?

Understanding how individuals mentally construct their experience of the world Signup and view all the answers

What does social constructionism argue about knowledge and meaning?

Knowledge and meaning are the product of social practices and interactions between different social groups Signup and view all the answers

What do extreme forms of social constructionism completely reject?

Traditional positivistic notions Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on how individual capabilities match job requirements and how job or organization features match individual desires?

Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments (RIASEC)?

Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments Signup and view all the answers

Which theory predicts that a match between an individual’s type and their occupation is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, and tenure?

Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has suffered from methodological flaws in research testing its predictions?

Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has received substantial empirical support and influenced other P-E fit models in organizational research?

Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is influential in vocational guidance and personnel selection, dominating vocational counseling practice?

Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving vocational behavior?

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has been expanded to incorporate a process model that applies social cognitive principles to describe how individuals make career-related decisions?

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory?

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives?

Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which theory's key construct is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each life stage?

Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which theory's interests do not form a hexagon, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts the model?

RIASEC Signup and view all the answers

Early career theories focused on assessing important characteristics of individuals and work environments and hypothesized that a match between person and environment would lead to ______ outcomes

positive Signup and view all the answers

Career theories can be broadly grouped into three categories—person-environment fit theories, developmental career theories, and ______ career models.

management Signup and view all the answers

Organizational researchers have been proposing theories of career for more than a century (cf. Parsons, 1909). In that time, hundreds of models, theories, and frameworks have been developed that attempt to explain the processes through which individuals enter, manage, explain, and leave their ______.

careers Signup and view all the answers

A selection of prominent theories from each of these groups is summarized in ______ 1.

Table Signup and view all the answers

Person-Environment Fit Theories Early career theories focused on assessing important characteristics of individuals and work environments and hypothesized that a match between person and environment would lead to ______ outcomes (Parsons, 1909).

positive Signup and view all the answers

Organizational researchers have been proposing theories of career for more than a century (cf. Parsons, 1909). In that time, hundreds of models, theories, and frameworks have been developed that attempt to explain the processes through which individuals enter, manage, explain, and leave their ______.

careers Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career development includes five stages, which can be repeated multiple times, and emphasizes the role of developing a self-concept in career decision making

Super's Signup and view all the answers

Research using ______ framework has been common, limited to propositions regarding childhood development and retirement

Super’s Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career choice and development considers hereditary and biological factors alongside sociocultural factors in describing how individuals make career choices

Gottfredson’s Signup and view all the answers

Both ______ career development models emphasize psychological assessment and advocate quantitatively assessing traditional individual differences

classic Signup and view all the answers

______ career development theories adopt a perspective that views the subjective career as more important than objectively observable career events and work positions

Postmodern Signup and view all the answers

Extreme forms of ______ completely reject traditional positivistic notions that any form of truth or knowledge exists objectively and independently of a particular community of meaning

social constructionism Signup and view all the answers

According to Savickas, ______ may be useful in career counseling because they provide a useful vocabulary for examining and discussing clients’ constructed meanings, not because they provide any form of objective description of individual characteristics

psychometric assessments Signup and view all the answers

According to G. D. Gottfredson, the ______ in career research has a tendency to disregard quantitative research and its preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony, even going so far as to call the perspective 'unscientific'

postmodern movement Signup and view all the answers

Savickas suggests that ______ should not believe the reification fallacy by treating linguistic abstractions as if they were a real thing

vocational psychologists and career counselors Signup and view all the answers

In a special issue commemorating the ______, G. D. Gottfredson strongly criticized the postmodern movement in career research, especially its tendency to disregard quantitative research and its preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony, even going so far as to call the perspective 'unscientific'

30th anniversary of the Journal of Vocational Behavior Signup and view all the answers

______ cautioned vocational psychologists and career counselors about the postmodern movement's preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony, even going so far as to call the perspective 'unscientific'

Hesketh Signup and view all the answers

The perspective '______' was used by G. D. Gottfredson to describe the postmodern movement in career research

unscientific Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, P-E fit theories focus on how individual capabilities match _______ requirements and how job or organization features match individual desires

job Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, TWA predicts satisfaction, effective performance, and long-term tenure when _______ is present, and describes adjustment strategies for mismatches

correspondence Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments _______

(RIASEC) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Holland’s theory predicts that a match between an individual’s type and their occupation is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, and _______

tenure Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Research testing Holland’s predictions has suffered from methodological flaws, with weak relationships between RIASEC-based congruence and _______

outcomes Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, P-E fit theories and TWA have been influential in vocational guidance and personnel selection, with Holland’s theory dominating vocational _______ practice

counseling Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, ______ includes four predictive models: interest development, career choices, educational and vocational performance, and work and career satisfaction.

SCCT Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, RIASEC interests do not form a ______, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model.

hexagon Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, SCCT self-management model specifies a large set of adaptive career behaviors and predicts how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, contextual factors, and general personality traits are related to different classes of these ______.

behaviors Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Developmental career theories, such as Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory and Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the attitudes, contexts, and ______ related to individuals’ career decisions.

behaviors Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives, each with particular developmental challenges, determined by personal characteristics, environmental features, and past ______.

experiences Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each ______

life stage Signup and view all the answers

Early career theories focused on assessing important characteristics of individuals and work environments and hypothesized that a match between person and environment would lead to ______ outcomes

positive Signup and view all the answers

Organizational researchers have been proposing theories of career for more than a century. In that time, hundreds of models, theories, and frameworks have been developed that attempt to explain the processes through which individuals enter, manage, explain, and leave their ______

careers Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals eliminate career options based on, according to classic career development models?

personality and interests Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career development includes five stages, which can be repeated multiple times, and emphasizes the role of developing a self-concept in career decision making

Super’s Signup and view all the answers

The perspective '______' was used by G. D. Gottfredson to describe the postmodern movement in career research

unscientific Signup and view all the answers

Career theories can be broadly grouped into three categories—person-environment fit theories, developmental career theories, and ______ career models

management Signup and view all the answers

According to Savickas, psychometric assessments may be useful in career counseling because they provide a useful vocabulary for examining and discussing clients’ constructed meanings, not because they provide any form of objective description of individual characteristics

psychologists and career counselors Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, postmodern perspectives on career counseling have become very prevalent, they have not gone without criticism. In a special issue commemorating the 30th anniversary of the Journal of Vocational Behavior, G. D. Gottfredson (2001) strongly criticized the postmodern movement in career research, especially its tendency to disregard quantitative research and its preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony, even going so far as to call the perspective

unscientific Signup and view all the answers

Savickas suggests that ______ psychologists and career counselors not to believe the reification fallacy by treating linguistic abstractions as if they were a real thing

vocational Signup and view all the answers

Career theories can be broadly grouped into three categories—person-environment fit theories, developmental career theories, and

management Signup and view all the answers

Hesketh (2001) cautioned ______ psychologists and career counselors about the postmodern movement's preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony, even going so far as to call the perspective 'unscientific'

vocational Signup and view all the answers

Organizational researchers have been proposing theories of career for more than a century. In that time, hundreds of models, theories, and frameworks have been developed that attempt to explain the processes through which individuals enter, manage, explain, and leave their

careers Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career development includes five stages, which can be repeated multiple times, and emphasizes the role of developing a self-concept in career decision making.

Super's Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career choice and development considers hereditary and biological factors alongside sociocultural factors in describing how individuals make career choices.

Gottfredson’s Signup and view all the answers

Both ______ career development models emphasize psychological assessment and advocate quantitatively assessing traditional individual differences.

classic Signup and view all the answers

______ career development theories adopt a perspective that views the subjective career as more important than objectively observable career events and work positions.

Postmodern Signup and view all the answers

______ argues that individuals mentally construct their experience of the world through psychological processes and focuses on understanding how individuals develop and manage their career identities and life narratives.

Constructivism Signup and view all the answers

RIASEC interests do not form a ______, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model

hexagon Signup and view all the answers

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), based on general social cognitive theory, focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving ______ behavior

vocational Signup and view all the answers

______ argues that knowledge and meaning are the product of social practices, institutions, and interactions between different social groups.

Social constructionism Signup and view all the answers

SCCT has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory and remains connected to advances from other fields of ______

psychology Signup and view all the answers

Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives, each with particular developmental challenges, determined by personal characteristics, environmental features, and past ______

experiences Signup and view all the answers

A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each ______

life stage Signup and view all the answers

Career theories can be broadly grouped into three categories—person-environment fit theories, developmental career theories, and ______ career models

postmodern Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments (______)

RIASEC Signup and view all the answers

Holland’s theory predicts that a match between an individual’s type and their occupation is a major contributor to ______, performance, and tenure

satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

TWA has received substantial empirical support and influenced other P-E fit models in organizational research, with Holland’s theory dominating vocational ______ practice

counseling Signup and view all the answers

Research testing Holland’s predictions has suffered from methodological flaws, with weak relationships between RIASEC-based ______ and outcomes

congruence Signup and view all the answers

P-E fit theories focus on how individual capabilities match job requirements and how job or ______ features match individual desires

organization Signup and view all the answers

______ has received substantial empirical support and influenced other P-E fit models in organizational research

TWA Signup and view all the answers

According to Savickas, psychometric assessments may be useful in career counseling because they provide a useful vocabulary for examining and discussing clients’ constructed meanings, not because they provide any form of objective description of individual characteristics

vocational psychologists and career counselors Signup and view all the answers

Gottfredson strongly criticized the ______ movement in career research, especially its tendency to disregard quantitative research and its preference for complexity and individualized theory over parsimony, even going so far as to call the perspective 'unscientific'

postmodern Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, SCCT has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory and remains connected to advances from other fields of

psychology Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments

RIASEC Signup and view all the answers

Savickas suggests that vocations psychologists and career counselors not to believe the reification fallacy by treating linguistic abstractions as if they were a real thing

psychometric assessments Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, P-E fit theories focus on how individual capabilities match requirements and how job or organization features match individual desires

environment Signup and view all the answers

Person-Environment Fit Theories Early career theories focused on assessing important characteristics of individuals and work environments and hypothesized that a match between person and environment would lead to ______ outcomes

positive Signup and view all the answers

Organizational researchers have been proposing theories of career for more than a century. In that time, hundreds of models, theories, and frameworks have been developed that attempt to explain the processes through which individuals enter, manage, explain, and leave their ______

careers Signup and view all the answers

Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments _______

RIASEC Signup and view all the answers

Both ______ career development models emphasize psychological assessment and advocate quantitatively assessing traditional individual differences

developmental Signup and view all the answers

Extreme forms of ______ completely reject traditional positivistic notions that any form of truth or knowledge exists objectively and independently of a particular community of meaning

social constructionism Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments _______

RIASEC Signup and view all the answers

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), based on general social cognitive theory, focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving vocational behavior

career Signup and view all the answers

RIASEC interests do not form a ______, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model

hexagon Signup and view all the answers

Vocational interests play a crucial role in successful work performance, but many specific hypotheses of Holland's theory have been proven ______

false Signup and view all the answers

Developmental career theories, such as Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory and Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the ______, contexts, and behaviors related to individuals’ career decisions

attitudes Signup and view all the answers

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) has been expanded to incorporate a process model that applies social cognitive principles to describe how individuals make career-related decisions, including managing ______ and setbacks, finding jobs, and balancing goals

uncertainty Signup and view all the answers

A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each life ______

stage Signup and view all the answers

Career Development Theories: P-E Fit and TWA

P-E fit Signup and view all the answers

Career theories can be broadly grouped into three categories—person-environment fit theories, developmental career theories, and ______ career models

management Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, SCCT self-management model specifies a large set of adaptive career behaviors and predicts how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, contextual factors, and general personality traits are related to different classes of these ______

behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What does extreme forms of social constructionism completely reject?

truth Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives, each with particular developmental challenges, determined by personal characteristics, environmental features, and past ______

experiences Signup and view all the answers

RIASEC interests do not form a ______, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model

hexagon Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career development includes five stages, which can be repeated multiple times, and emphasizes the role of developing a self-concept in career decision making.

Super's Signup and view all the answers

______ theory of career choice and development considers hereditary and biological factors alongside sociocultural factors in describing how individuals make career choices.

Gottfredson’s Signup and view all the answers

Both ______ career development models emphasize psychological assessment and advocate quantitatively assessing traditional individual differences.

classic Signup and view all the answers

______ career development theories adopt a perspective that views the subjective career as more important than objectively observable career events and work positions.

Postmodern Signup and view all the answers

______ argues that individuals mentally construct their experience of the world through psychological processes and focuses on understanding how individuals develop and manage their career identities and life narratives.

Constructivism Signup and view all the answers

______ argues that knowledge and meaning are the product of social practices, institutions, and interactions between different social groups.

Social constructionism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Contemporary Career Theories: RIASEC, SCCT, and Developmental Theories

RIASEC interests do not form a hexagon, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model (Tinsley, 2000a, 2000b, 2001).
Vocational interests play a crucial role in successful work performance, but many specific hypotheses of Holland's theory have been proven false (Nye, Su, Rounds, & Drasgow, 2012; Van Iddekinge et al., 2011).
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), based on general social cognitive theory, focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving vocational behavior (Lent, 2013b; Lent et al., 1994).
SCCT includes four predictive models: interest development, career choices, educational and vocational performance, and work and career satisfaction (Lent, 2013b).
SCCT has been expanded to incorporate a process model that applies social cognitive principles to describe how individuals make career-related decisions, including managing uncertainty and setbacks, finding jobs, and balancing goals (Lent and Brown, 2013).
SCCT self-management model specifies a large set of adaptive career behaviors and predicts how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, contextual factors, and general personality traits are related to different classes of these behaviors.
SCCT has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory and remains connected to advances from other fields of psychology (Lent & Brown, 2013; Savickas, 2013).
Researchers have begun to conduct systematic meta-analytic tests of many of SCCT’s predictions, leading to modifications of the theory and providing point estimates for many of the parameters in its structural models (S. D. Brown et al., 2008; S. D. Brown, Lent, Telander, & Tramayne, 2011; Rottinghaus, Larson, & Borgen, 2003; Sheu et al., 2010).
Developmental career theories, such as Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory and Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the attitudes, contexts, and behaviors related to individuals’ career decisions.
Classic developmental theories address how and why individuals make career decisions, while contemporary postmodern career theories reject the entire P-E fit paradigm, emphasizing the importance of constructing a strong career identity and remaining flexible and adaptable in the face of rapid societal, economic, and technological changes.
Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives, each with particular developmental challenges, determined by personal characteristics, environmental features, and past experiences.
A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each life

Contemporary Career Theories: RIASEC, SCCT, and Developmental Theories

RIASEC interests do not form a hexagon, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model (Tinsley, 2000a, 2000b, 2001).
Vocational interests play a crucial role in successful work performance, but many specific hypotheses of Holland's theory have been proven false (Nye, Su, Rounds, & Drasgow, 2012; Van Iddekinge et al., 2011).
Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), based on general social cognitive theory, focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving vocational behavior (Lent, 2013b; Lent et al., 1994).
SCCT includes four predictive models: interest development, career choices, educational and vocational performance, and work and career satisfaction (Lent, 2013b).
SCCT has been expanded to incorporate a process model that applies social cognitive principles to describe how individuals make career-related decisions, including managing uncertainty and setbacks, finding jobs, and balancing goals (Lent and Brown, 2013).
SCCT self-management model specifies a large set of adaptive career behaviors and predicts how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, contextual factors, and general personality traits are related to different classes of these behaviors.
SCCT has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory and remains connected to advances from other fields of psychology (Lent & Brown, 2013; Savickas, 2013).
Researchers have begun to conduct systematic meta-analytic tests of many of SCCT’s predictions, leading to modifications of the theory and providing point estimates for many of the parameters in its structural models (S. D. Brown et al., 2008; S. D. Brown, Lent, Telander, & Tramayne, 2011; Rottinghaus, Larson, & Borgen, 2003; Sheu et al., 2010).
Developmental career theories, such as Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory and Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the attitudes, contexts, and behaviors related to individuals’ career decisions.
Classic developmental theories address how and why individuals make career decisions, while contemporary postmodern career theories reject the entire P-E fit paradigm, emphasizing the importance of constructing a strong career identity and remaining flexible and adaptable in the face of rapid societal, economic, and technological changes.
Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives, each with particular developmental challenges, determined by personal characteristics, environmental features, and past experiences.
A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each life

Career Development Theories: P-E Fit and TWA

P-E fit theories focus on how individual capabilities match job requirements and how job or organization features match individual desires
P-E fit framework is influential in vocational guidance and personnel selection
Different P-E fit career theories have different constructs but share the hypothesis of driving employee success, satisfaction, and persistence in a career
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) includes predictive and process models focusing on needs/values, skills/abilities, job requirements, and job reinforcers
TWA predicts satisfaction, effective performance, and long-term tenure when correspondence is present, and describes adjustment strategies for mismatches
TWA has received substantial empirical support and influenced other P-E fit models in organizational research
Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments (RIASEC)
Holland’s theory predicts that a match between an individual’s type and their occupation is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, and tenure
Holland’s model is popular due to its parsimony and ease of remembering, using types for wide interpretations of factor definitions and assessment results
Research testing Holland’s predictions has suffered from methodological flaws, with weak relationships between RIASEC-based congruence and outcomes
Despite the popularity of Holland’s theory, its predictions, especially regarding the structure of interests, are often evaluated uncritically
P-E fit theories and TWA have been influential in vocational guidance and personnel selection, with Holland’s theory dominating vocational counseling practice

Career Development Theories: Classic and Postmodern Perspectives

Super's theory of career development includes five stages, which can be repeated multiple times, and emphasizes the role of developing a self-concept in career decision making.
Research using Super’s framework has been common, limited to propositions regarding childhood development and retirement.
Super’s theory forms the basis of many contemporary postmodern career development theories.
Gottfredson’s theory of career choice and development considers hereditary and biological factors alongside sociocultural factors in describing how individuals make career choices.
Children develop a self-concept based on their innate talents and capabilities, including their level of general cognitive ability and vocational interests.
Individuals eliminate career options based on factors such as perceived lack of power, sex roles, and social prestige (circumscription), and may compromise based on political, economic, and social constraints.
Both classic career development models emphasize psychological assessment and advocate quantitatively assessing traditional individual differences.
Postmodern career development theories adopt a perspective that views the subjective career as more important than objectively observable career events and work positions.
Two postmodern perspectives, constructivism and social constructionism, have been applied in many contemporary career theories.
Constructivism argues that individuals mentally construct their experience of the world through psychological processes and focuses on understanding how individuals develop and manage their career identities and life narratives.
Social constructionism argues that knowledge and meaning are the product of social practices, institutions, and interactions between different social groups.
Extreme forms of social constructionism completely reject traditional positivistic notions that any form of truth or knowledge exists objectively and independently of a particular community of meaning.

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Description

Test your knowledge of contemporary career theories with this quiz focusing on RIASEC, SCCT, and developmental theories. Explore how these theories have evolved and their impact on understanding vocational behavior and career decision-making.