Constructivism in Learning Theories
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Questions and Answers

What types of learning are best explained by behaviorism?

Discriminations, generalizations, associations, chaining

What type of mindset provided the framework for many learning theories during the first half of the century?

Empiricist or associationist mindset

What influenced the instructional design (ID) technology that arose around 1950?

Behaviorism

What strategies do behaviorists prescribe for building and strengthening stimulus-response associations?

<p>Instructional cues, practice, reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between constructivism and traditional cognitive theories?

<p>Constructivism believes that the mind filters input from the world to produce its own unique reality, while traditional cognitive theories think of the mind as a reference tool to the real world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do constructivists view the creation of meaning?

<p>Constructivists believe that humans create meaning as opposed to acquiring it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the constructivist perspective on knowledge transfer from the external world.

<p>Constructivists believe that learners do not transfer knowledge from the external world into their memories, but rather build personal interpretations of the world based on individual experiences and interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of individual, direct experiences with the environment in constructivism?

<p>Individual, direct experiences with the environment are considered critical in constructivism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory in constructivist learning?

<p>The role of memory is not to retrieve intact knowledge structures, but to provide learners with the means to create novel and situation-specific understandings by assembling prior knowledge from diverse sources appropriate to the problem at hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is understanding developed in constructivism?

<p>Understanding is developed through continued, situated use and does not crystallize into a categorical definition that can be called up from memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical context of constructivism as mentioned in the text?

<p>Constructivism has multiple roots in the philosophical and psychological viewpoints of this century, particularly in the works of Piaget, Bruner, and Goodman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two significant questions that lead instructors/designers to ask?

<p>Is there a single 'best' approach and is one approach more efficient than the others?</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the evolution of a concept in constructivism?

<p>A concept will continue to evolve with each new use as new situations, negotiations, and activities recast it in a different, more densely textured form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best answer to the questions about the 'best' approach?

<p>'It depends.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the learning process change as learners progress?

<p>The learning process changes in nature and diversity as it progresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be effective for novice learners encountering a complex body of knowledge for the first time, but not for learners familiar with the content?

<p>What might be most effective for novice learners encountering a complex body of knowledge for the first time, would not be effective, efficient, or stimulating for a learner who is more familiar with the content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Behaviorism

  • Behaviorism best explains types of learning that involve observable behaviors and the environment's influence on behavior.
  • The behaviorist mindset provided the framework for many learning theories during the first half of the 20th century.
  • The rise of instructional design (ID) technology around 1950 was influenced by behaviorism.
  • Behaviorists prescribe strategies such as repetition, reinforcement, and conditioning to build and strengthen stimulus-response associations.

Constructivism

  • Constructivism differs from traditional cognitive theories in that it emphasizes the learner's active role in constructing knowledge.
  • Constructivists view the creation of meaning as an active process in which learners construct their own knowledge through experience and social interaction.
  • In constructivism, knowledge transfer from the external world occurs through individual, direct experiences with the environment.
  • The role of memory in constructivist learning involves the reconstruction of knowledge from past experiences.
  • Understanding develops in constructivism through the continuous refinement of mental models and frameworks.
  • The historical context of constructivism emerged as a response to behaviorism.

Instructional Design

  • Two significant questions that instructors/designers should ask are: "What do we want learners to be able to do?" and "How will we know when they can do it?"
  • In constructivism, the evolution of a concept involves continuous refinement and reconstruction of knowledge structures.
  • There is no single "best" approach, as the most effective approach depends on the learner, the content, and the context.
  • The learning process changes as learners progress, with novice learners requiring more guidance and experienced learners benefiting from more autonomy.
  • Strategies that are effective for novice learners may not be effective for learners familiar with the content.

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Test your knowledge about the origins, concepts, and applications of constructivism in learning theories. Explore the role of memory and its connection to constructivist approaches in education.

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