3 Questions
Why is it important to be familiar with laboratory apparatus and their uses?
To ensure construction quality and safety
Laboratory equipment can lead to dangerous side effects if not handled properly, so it is important to know how to handle it ______________.
safely
Match the following apparatus and equipment with their descriptions:
Laboratory Oven = Designed for drying, baking, conditioning, and moisture determination Core Drill = Designed to remove a cylinder of materials Soil Hydrometer = Measures suspended solids during testing Direct Shear Testing Machine = Applies both normal and shear stress on the specimen
Study Notes
Familiarization with Laboratory Apparatus and Equipment
- Familiarization with laboratory apparatus and equipment is crucial in construction materials testing to ensure accurate and reliable results.
- Laboratory testing is necessary when field testing indicates further study is needed, and construction materials testing laboratories are equipped with costly and sensitive equipment.
- Delay in testing of construction materials can result in increased project costs and missing project deadlines.
Importance of Familiarization with Laboratory Apparatus and Equipment
- Construction material testing is critical for the viability and safety of a construction project, and familiarization with laboratory apparatus and equipment helps to:
- Reveal any issues related to construction quality.
- Highlight future risks and classify a building site.
- Assist with engineering decisions.
- Without construction material testing, engineers and builders may not know if the quality of the construction meets the requirements.
- Familiarization with laboratory apparatus and equipment helps to:
- Ensure safe handling of equipment and chemicals.
- Ensure efficient use of laboratory instruments.
- Properly use materials and equipment.
- Understand the results of experiments.
Apparatus and Equipment Used in Testing Materials
-
Aggregates:
- Laboratory Oven: for drying, baking, conditioning, and moisture determination.
- Muffle Furnaces: for higher temperature heating.
- Moisture tester: for accurate moisture reading on site.
- Chapman Flask: for field determination of surface moisture in fine aggregates.
- Sieves: for separating wanted elements from unwanted materials.
- Sieve shaker motor: for operating sieves during sieving tests.
- Sample splitters: for reducing test samples to convenient sizes.
- Tribometer-abrasion tester: for determining resistance to abrasion and wear of cement, concrete, and similar materials.
- Rock classification hammer: for rock classification tests.
- Los Angeles abrasion machine: for determining resistance of aggregates by abrasion.
- Micro-Deval Testing machine: for determining the quality of aggregates by abrasion.
- Dry mixer: for drying and mixing materials like powder, cement, gypsum, and granulometric.
-
Concrete:
- Core drill: for removing a cylinder of materials.
- Extruder: for thrusting out or pressing out materials.
- Portable rock shear box assembly: for determining the strength and slope stability of rock sizes.
- Climatic chamber: for testing the effect of specified environmental conditions.
- Rebound hammer: for assessing the uniformity of concrete in situ.
- High stiffness flexural frame: for displacement-controlled testing on advanced construction materials.
- Specimen grinding machine: for grinding and polishing rock and concrete specimens.
- Circumferential extensometers: for concrete and rock compression testing.
- Universal testing machine: for testing the tensile strength and compressive strength of materials.
- Concrete slump test: for measuring the consistency of fresh concrete.
-
Soil:
- Atterberg limit: for measuring the critical water content of fine-grained soils.
- Plastic limit tools: for measuring the critical water content of fine-grained soils.
- Shrinkage limit tools: for evaluating the water content of soils where further loss of moisture will not result in additional volume reduction.
- Proctor soil compaction test tools: for understanding compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content.
- Spatula: for mixing, lifting, and handling powders, granular materials, and other solids.
- Soil hydrometer: for measuring suspended solids during testing.
- Direct shear testing machine: for applying normal and shear stress on the specimen.
- Penetrometer: for testing the strength of a material.
- Permeability: for determining hydraulic conductivity or flow characteristics of water or other permeants through soils.
- Consolidation machine: for measuring the compressibility of soils.
Familiarization with apparatus and equipment used in testing of materials, importance of being familiar with laboratory apparatus and their uses.
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