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What is cement and what role does it play in construction?
What is the first step in the dry process of manufacturing cement?
What is the purpose of adding gypsum during the grinding process?
What is the result of the burning process in the wet process of manufacturing cement?
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What is the function of the rotary kiln in the manufacturing process of cement?
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What is the proportion of water added to the blended mixture in the dry process?
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What is the final product obtained after grinding the clinkers?
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What is the rate of rotation of the rotary kiln?
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What is another name for particle board?
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What is the primary purpose of laminate sheets?
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What is veneer typically applied to?
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What is the characteristic of glass?
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What is plywood made from?
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What is an application of particle board?
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What is a characteristic of veneer sheets?
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What is the term for the process of pressing and extruding wood chips, sawdust, or sawmill shavings with synthetic resin or another binder?
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What is a benefit of the improved jute bag developed by the National Council of Cement and Building Materials?
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What is the main function of alumina in a good brick earth?
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What is the effect of limestone in a brick earth?
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What is the purpose of lime in a good brick earth?
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What is the characteristic of conventional bricks?
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What is the effect of iron pyrites in a brick earth?
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What is the purpose of silica in a good brick earth?
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What is the standard size of bricks set by the Indian Standard Institution (ISI)?
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Study Notes
Construction Materials
Cement
- Produced by calcining an intimate mixture of calcareous, siliceous, and aluminous substances at high temperature and crushing the resultant clinkers to a fine powder.
- Binding material.
- Manufacturing processes:
- Dry process: crushing raw materials, blending, sieving, and feeding into a rotating mill with 12% water, and then passing into a rotary kiln.
- Wet process: mixing raw materials with water, drying, burning in a rotary kiln, and grinding the clinkers with 3-4% gypsum.
- Properties:
- Fireproof.
- Not wasted.
Engineered Wood Products
Particle Board
- Also known as chipboard or low-density fiberboard.
- Made by pressing and extruding wood chips, sawdust, or sawmill shavings together with synthetic resin or another binder.
- Uses: furniture, interior wall and ceiling lining, countertop substrate, floor decking, roof sheathing, underlayment, and interior ornamental paneling.
Plywood
- A sheet material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grains rotated up to 90 degrees to one another.
- Engineered wood from the family of manufactured boards.
- Uses: shuttering, doors and windows, wardrobe, furniture, construction of boats, etc.
Veneer
- Thin layers of decorative wood applied to a surface, typically furniture or cabinets.
- Durable, versatile, and aesthetically appealing.
- Available in a wide range of colors and patterns.
Laminate Sheet
- A type of composite material composed of multiple layers bonded together under heat and pressure.
- Provides a durable and decorative surface for various applications.
- Core layers are made of resin-impregnated paper or other materials, while the top layer is a decorative sheet printed with various patterns or designs.
Types of Glass
- A hard substance that may be transparent or translucent and brittle.
- Fireproof.
Bricks
Brick Earth and Its Constituents
- Main constituents:
- Alumina (Al2O3) (20-30%) - gives plasticity to the clay.
- Silica (SiO2) (50-60%) - prevents cracking, shrinking of the raw bricks.
- Lime (CaO) - stops shrinkage of raw bricks and acts as a flux.
- Magnesia (MgO) - gives yellow tint to the bricks and reduces shrinkage.
- Iron oxide (Fe2O3) (5-6%) - gives the red color to the bricks.
Harmful Ingredients of a Brick Earth
- Lime stone: causes bricks to split into pieces.
- Alkalis: affects the overall appearance of the building as it causes 'efflorescence'.
- Iron pyrites: causes decomposition of bricks.
- Pebbles of stone and gravel: breaks the uniformity of bricks.
- Organic matter or vegetation: makes bricks more porous.
Types of Bricks
- Conventional bricks or traditional bricks: dimensions vary.
- Standard bricks or modular bricks: Indian Standard Institution (ISI) sets the standard size of the brick.
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Description
This quiz covers the topic of artificial construction materials, specifically cement, and its production process. Learn about the calcination of calcareous, siliceous, and aluminous substances and the resulting clinkers.
