Construction Cost Estimating Basics
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Questions and Answers

What may be required after a preliminary estimate in project management?

  • Increasing wages for labor
  • Reevaluating contractor performance
  • Design or scope modifications (correct)
  • Delay in project start date
  • Why is it important for contractors to have accurate estimates?

  • To attract more clients
  • To prepare competitive and profitable bids (correct)
  • To ensure compliance with regulations
  • To minimize resource allocation
  • Which factor does not directly depend on accurate estimates according to project management principles?

  • Bidding strategies
  • Stakeholder satisfaction (correct)
  • Budget planning
  • Project schedule
  • What is a potential outcome of failing to modify the design or scope after a preliminary estimate?

    <p>Increase in project costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In project management, how do scope modifications impact bids?

    <p>They can change the competitiveness of bids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key purpose of cost estimating in construction projects?

    <p>To provide a budget for the project (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used for cost estimating in construction?

    <p>Historical data analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cost estimating, what factor significantly influences the accuracy of estimates?

    <p>The level of detail in the project plans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of poor cost estimating in construction projects?

    <p>Delays in project completion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do contingencies play in cost estimating?

    <p>They account for unexpected expenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a site lacking easy access have on project costs?

    <p>It increases costs due to maneuvering equipment and materials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can poorly located utilities influence overall project expenses?

    <p>They add underground work requirements that raise costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the implications of a site with limited access?

    <p>It complicates logistics and can increase costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional requirement might arise from poorly located utilities?

    <p>Potential need for extensive underground work. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is easy access to a site important for project cost management?

    <p>It facilitates easier maneuvering of equipment and materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total labor cost for excavation?

    <p>$1500 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measure for the quantity of plain concrete?

    <p>Cubic meter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item has no associated subcontractor cost?

    <p>Plain concrete (A), Excavation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much is the total equipment cost for plain concrete?

    <p>$8000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total cost of labor, materials, and equipment for excavation?

    <p>$5000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for the unit rate method in estimating initial costs?

    <p>Historical unit costs from similar past projects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the unit method in operational estimating?

    <p>It is a straightforward approach based on similar projects' costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using the unit method for estimating costs?

    <p>It may not account for unique factors of the current project. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would the unit method be least effective for cost estimation?

    <p>When there are significant changes in project scope or design. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the unit method considered one of the simplest methods for project cost estimation?

    <p>It is based on direct comparisons to similar past projects' costs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount (in units) required for Birke works?

    <p>39600 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which work type has the highest unit quantity requirement listed in the content?

    <p>Concrete (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit measure used for Plaster works?

    <p>M2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which work type does not have a secondary quantity listed?

    <p>Plaster works (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated total for Paintings in the content?

    <p>21600 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cost Estimating

    The process of determining the likely cost of a construction project.

    Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

    A detailed breakdown of the project into smaller, manageable components.

    Preliminary Estimate

    A cost estimate that is prepared using limited information and is therefore less accurate.

    Definitive Estimate

    A cost estimate that is more detailed and accurate than a preliminary estimate.

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    Analogous Estimating

    A cost estimate that is based on historical data from similar projects.

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    Scope Modifications

    Changes made to a project's scope or design to adjust its overall cost.

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    Design or Scope Modifications

    The process of adjusting a project's design or scope.

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    Bids

    Proposals submitted by contractors, detailing the cost of completing a project.

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    Competitive and Profitable Bids

    Accurate estimates are crucial for contractors to create bids that are competitive enough to win projects and profitable enough to make money.

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    Difficult Site Access Affects Costs

    A construction site lacking easy access to equipment and materials leads to increased costs.

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    Utility Location Affects Costs

    A site with poorly placed utilities can require extra work to move them, adding to construction expenses.

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    Efficient Material Movement

    Construction projects require efficient movement of materials to keep costs low.

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    Access Affects Work Efficiency

    Difficult access to a construction site can slow down work, increasing labor and equipment time.

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    Hidden Utilities Increase Costs

    Hidden utilities can cause unexpected delays and additional work, significantly increasing costs.

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    Unit method

    A simple way to estimate initial project costs by using the unit cost of similar past projects.

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    Unit Rate Method

    A method for estimating project costs that relies on breaking down a project into smaller units and then estimating the cost of each unit.

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    Approximate Estimates

    Methods used to quickly and roughly estimate the cost of a project.

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    Operational Estimating

    A general category of methods to quickly estimate project cost.

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    Using previous projects

    Using previously completed projects to estimate the cost of a new project.

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    Direct Cost

    The cost incurred directly in producing a good or service. This includes materials, labor, and equipment used in the production process.

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    Cost Item

    A cost incurred for a specific activity, such as excavation or supplying concrete. It is a measurable cost for a defined part of the project.

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    Unit

    The standard unit used to measure a material or activity. Examples include cubic meters (M3) for concrete or labor hours for skilled workers.

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    Quantity

    The total amount of a particular material or activity required for a project. For example, a project may require 300 cubic meters of excavation.

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    Subcontractor

    A separate business or company providing specialized services for a project, like excavating or installing plumbing. They contribute to the overall cost of the project.

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    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Fundamentals of Project Management
    • Code: CIV280
    • Lecture No. (9): Cost estimating in construction projects
    • Lecturer: Dr. Eng. Abdallah Atef Abdou
    • Affiliation: Assistant professor - Civil Engineering Department – Assiut University

    Introduction to Construction Estimating

    • Construction estimating is the process of calculating all costs for a construction project. This includes both direct costs (materials, worker wages) and indirect costs (equipment depreciation, office salaries).
    • Professional estimators perform this preconstruction step to ensure projects are completed profitably.
    • Accurate estimating requires detailed knowledge of construction materials, specifications, techniques, codes, and pricing trends.

    Importance of Accurate Estimating

    • Accurate estimating is crucial for construction project success.
    • Owners depend on estimates to determine project feasibility within their budget.
    • Design or scope changes may be necessary after preliminary estimates.
    • Contractors rely on accurate estimates for competitive and profitable bids.
    • Underestimating costs can force contractors to cut into their profit margin.
    • Overestimating costs can lead to bids too high for selection. Estimates must balance owner budgets and contractor profit.

    Steps in Construction Estimating

    • Review the bid package (agreements, bond forms, general conditions, specifications).
    • Conduct a site visit to understand site conditions (drainage, soil, utilities).
    • Perform a material takeoff (counting materials needed).
    • This can be manual or use digital estimating software.
    • Ask for pricing from suppliers and vendors.
    • Evaluate labor requirements (needed roles, hours, crew productivity).
    • Determine insurance and bonding costs (general liability, builder's risk, errors & omissions).
    • Calculate overhead and indirect costs (office space rent, administrative salaries, software subscriptions).
    • Account for profit and contingencies (contractor profit/fee, project unanticipated costs).

    Types of Cost Estimates

    • Design Estimates:
    • Screening estimates (rough, order of magnitude)
    • Preliminary estimates (conceptual, rougher estimations)
    • Detailed estimates (definitive)
    • Engineer's estimates (plans and specifications).
    • Bid Estimates:
    • Direct construction cost including supervision, plus markup for overhead and profit.
    • These are derived from subcontractors' quotes, material takeoffs, and construction procedures
    • Control Estimates:
    • Used to monitor the project during construction.
    • Based on available data to set a budget, projected cost, and estimated cost of completion.

    Methods for Calculating Construction Costs

    • Approximate Methods:
    • Unit methods (e.g., cost of one student in a school project)
    • Unit area or volume (space) method (dividing cost by building area or volume)
    • Element method (dividing project into elements for cost estimation)
    • Detailed Methods:
    • Using detailed methods to estimate costs for items in a project, and direct, indirect costs for the project. These methods are required for greater accuracy within the contract negotiated between the owner and contractor. Indirect costs include senior management, site management, profit, risk, and guarantee. This is known as mark up..

    Calculating Unit Rate

    • Step-by-step process for calculating unit-rate costs.
    • Includes: reviewing drawings, site visits, material takeoffs, estimating labor costs, material cost, subcontractor costs, management/overhead costs, and profit.

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    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts in construction cost estimating, including the importance of accurate estimates, methods used, and factors influencing project costs. Answer questions related to project management principles and the implications of scope modifications on bids and estimates.

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