Constituents of Organic Drugs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cardio glycosides?

  • To promote muscle growth
  • To act as an antimicrobial agent
  • To stimulate heart muscles (correct)
  • To aid in digestion

Which mineral is notably found in sesame seeds and celery?

  • Copper
  • Calcium (correct)
  • Zinc
  • Manganese

What is the primary use of anthraquinones in medicinal plants?

  • To absorb toxins
  • To act as an antioxidant
  • To relieve constipation (correct)
  • To alleviate inflammation

What role do tannins play in plants?

<p>They improve resistance to infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of flavonoids?

<p>Irritating effects on the intestines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes amino acids?

<p>They are a group of organic compounds vital for protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these plants is commonly associated with soothing coughs and urinary spasms?

<p>Comfrey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic action of coumarins found in plants?

<p>They function as blood thinners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do saponins consist of?

<p>Steroid or triterpene bases linked to sugar molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant part contains mucilage that absorbs water to create jelly-like structures?

<p>Roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about volatile oils is false?

<p>They are usually used in their pure form. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is considered essential for human life?

<p>Tryptophan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit do raspberry leaves offer?

<p>Reduces post-partum hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vitamins play in medicinal plants?

<p>They are essential organic compounds not synthesized in sufficient quantities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized action of saponins?

<p>Cardiac stimulant properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these plants is NOT mentioned as having essential volatile oils?

<p>Marigold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by pharmaceutically active constituents?

<p>Constituents that cause notable chemical changes in medications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a single chemical active constituent?

<p>Glycosides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are alkaloids primarily known for?

<p>Their nitrogen-containing chemical structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constituents is an example of a fixed oil?

<p>Olive oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category does saponin belong to?

<p>Mixtures of active constituents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of glycosides in plants?

<p>Protection against herbivores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tannic acid is accurate?

<p>It becomes pharmaceutically active when combined with iron preparations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a purpose of alkaloids in plants?

<p>Antioxidant protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fruit or vegetable is known to provide Vitamin E?

<p>Seed oils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do inert constituents serve in pharmaceutical preparations?

<p>Modifying absorbability and activity of active constituents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inert constituent is commonly used as a filler and binder in tablets?

<p>Cellulose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of Vitamin B?

<p>Avocado (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inert constituent is primarily derived from plants and aids in stabilization?

<p>Lignin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Chitin play in pharmaceutical applications?

<p>Coating enteric pills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inert constituents is known for its use in emulsification?

<p>Soybean albumins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to isolate active constituents effectively from inert constituents?

<p>Adopting methods of separation, purification, and crystallization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary plant products commonly referred to as?

<p>Secondary metabolites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes substances with no intrinsic value, leading to their presence being considered a residual effect?

<p>Superfluous Metabolites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do characteristic survival substances play in plants?

<p>They provide a natural defense mechanism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is an example of a characteristic survival substance?

<p>Eugenol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does genetic composition influence the active constituents in medicinal plants?

<p>It leads to qualitative and quantitative alterations of active constituents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Active Constituents

Parts of organic drugs that have a pharmacological or pharmaceutical effect.

Pharmacologically Active

Having an effect on living tissues.

Pharmaceutically Active

Causing chemical changes in a medicine preparation.

Active Principle

A component mostly or entirely responsible for a drug's effect on the body.

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Single Chemical Bodies

Active constituents that are pure substances (not mixtures).

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Mixtures (constituents)

Active constituents that are combinations of substances not easily separated.

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Alkaloids

Naturally occurring nitrogen-containing compounds in plants.

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Glycosides

Sugar ethers with medicinal uses, often found in therapeutic plants.

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Plant Acids

Organic acids found in plants.

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Neutral Principles

Complex organic compounds (not acidic or basic).

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Volatile Oils

Extracted from plants, these are complex mixtures of compounds that vary chemically, often used in essential oils.

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Cardio Glycosides

Organic compounds with a sugar component that affect heart muscle.

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Anthraquinones

Plant compounds that stimulate the large intestine, often used to treat constipation.

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Minerals

Essential elements for health found in various foods.

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Flavonoids

Plant compounds with various benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular health support.

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Tannins

Plant compounds with a harsh taste that have several medicinal uses.

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Saponins

Plant compounds with diverse actions, such as altering bodily functions, acting as diuretics, and more.

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Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins, involved in various bodily functions.

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Medicinal Plants

Plants used for their potential health benefits. They usually contain some vitamins.

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Coumarins

Plant compounds with diverse effects, including blood thinning.

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Mucilage

Large plant sugars that absorb water, forming jelly-like substances.

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Vitamins

Essential organic compounds needed by the body, which cannot be made in enough amounts by the body naturally, hence need to be sourced from your diet.

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Secondary Plant Products

Substances produced by plants that aren't essential for their basic growth and development.

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Superfluous Metabolites

Plant chemicals with no apparent function, potentially leftover waste products.

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Characteristic Survival Substances

Plant chemicals that provide a survival advantage by acting as a defense mechanism.

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Genetic Composition (Heredity)

Plant genes influence the types and amounts of secondary plant products.

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Eugenol

A secondary plant product found in varying amounts in different plant species.

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Eugenia caryophyllus

Plant species (cloves) with 70–95% Eugenol.

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Syzgium aromaticum

Plant species (cloves) with 85% or more Eugenol.

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Vitamin A

A vitamin found in carrots, apricots, pumpkin, and spinach, essential for health.

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Vitamin B

A group of vitamins crucial for various bodily functions, found in potatoes, bananas, and more.

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Vitamin C

A vitamin found in parsley and lemons, important for immune function.

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Vitamin E

A vitamin found in seed oils and nuts, important for cell protection.

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Vitamin K

A vitamin found in leafy green vegetables and alfalfa, important for blood clotting.

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Inert Constituents

Substances in plants and animals that don't have direct therapeutic value but can affect absorption or activity of active ingredients.

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Cellulose

A plant structural component, used as a tablet binder and disintegrant.

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Lignin

A plant constituent used for precipitating proteins and stabilizing asphalt emulsions.

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Suberin

A plant substance related to fatty acids and alcohols, possibly involved with plant waterproofing.

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Cutin

A plant substance similar to suberin, potentially related to plant protection.

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Starch

A plant storage substance used as a tablet filler, binder, and disintegrant.

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Albumin

A protein, often used as an emulsifier, particularly from soybeans.

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Keratin

A protein found in animal tissues, useful for coating enteric pills.

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Chitin

A substance found in exoskeletons, used (in a deacetylated form)in various applications.

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Study Notes

The Constituents of Organic Drugs

  • Organic drugs can be classified into active and inert constituents.
  • Active constituents can be pharmacologically active (affecting living tissues) or pharmaceutically active (causing chemical changes in preparations).
  • Active constituents can be single chemicals or mixtures.
    • Single chemicals include: plant acids, alkaloids, neutral principles, toxalbumins, ferments, sugars, starches, and gums.
    • Mixtures include: fixed oils, fats and waxes, volatile oils, resins, oleoresins, gum resins, and balsams.
    • The last three are natural exudations from plants.
  • Alkaloids are naturally occurring plant compounds containing nitrogen. Uses include therapeutic and recreational purposes. Examples include caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine.
  • Glycosides are sugar ethers, often classified based on chemical nature with medicinal applications. Glycosides include alcohols, coumarines, etc.
  • Cardio glycosides are organic compounds containing a sugar called glycoside affecting heart muscles. Examples include digitoxin, digoxin, and gitoxin.
  • Minerals are important for health (e.g., calcium, copper, germanium, iodine, iron, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc).
  • Tannins are plant compounds with a harsh taste. They can have astringent effects (e.g., for varicose veins).
  • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Examples include tryptophan which is essential for human life.

Inert Constituents

  • Inert constituents are parts of a drug with no pharmacological action. Examples include cellulose, wood, starch, albumen, fat, waxes, coloring matters, and other substances.
  • Inert constituents can modify or impact the action of active constituents.
  • These are used in formulations and surgeries. Examples include plant cellulose, lignin, suberin, and cutin, as well as animal products like keratin, chitin.
  • Cochineal is a coloring matter of plant origin.

Other Notes

  • Some plants contain vitamins like A, B, C, E, and K.
  • Mucilage are large sugar molecules acting as protective agents in the digestive tract
  • Volatile oils extracted from plants often used in essential oils.
  • Anthraquinones are irritant/stimulating constituents that act on the large intestine (e.g., aloe-emodin).
  • Flavonoids demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, cardio health benefits.
  • Saponins have various actions like alteratives, diuretics, expectorants, etc.
  • Coumarins are found in certain plants, with actions such as blood thinning, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties.
  • Secondary plant products, or inert constituents, can have effects that depend on context: beneficial or detrimental, or acting as an indicator of plant conditions/health.

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The Constituents of Organic Drugs PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the constituents of organic drugs, including their classification into active and inert components. Discover the roles of single chemicals and mixtures, along with the significance of alkaloids and glycosides. This quiz will help you understand the therapeutic applications of various organic compounds.

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