Constantine and the Battle of Milvian Bridge Quiz

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What did Constantine see in a vision or a dream as he was moving his troops into Rome?

A message from Maxentius surrendering the battle

A map showing the strategic points of the battle

A comet passing by

A cross in the heavens bearing the inscription, 'In this sign you shall conquer' (correct)

What did the Edict of Milan (313) grant?

Control of the Roman government to the Church

Exclusive privileges to the Roman soldiers

Religious toleration to all groups and returned all confiscated property to the Church (correct)

Tax exemptions for the wealthy

Which action did Constantine take that had a tremendous influence on church life?

He gave Christians basilicas (official buildings) for use as churches (correct)

He banned the practice of Christianity

He built new temples for pagan worship

He imposed heavy taxes on the Church

What did the direct involvement of the emperor in the church’s internal affairs do?

Radically alter the relationship between church and state Signup and view all the answers

What was the major debate in the church during Constantine's reign?

The major debate in the church was between Arius (Arianism) and Athanasius, who later becomes the bishop of Alexandria Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the council of Nicaea (325)?

The outcome of the council was a formal statement of belief known as a creed -- Jesus was “God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father.” Signup and view all the answers

What was Arius’ position regarding Christ?

We know that there is only one God. If Christ is God, then we would have two Gods. Therefore, Christ is a creature (though the best of all creatures -- the Arian slogan was “There was a time when he [Christ] was not.”) Signup and view all the answers

What was Athanasius’ position regarding Christ?

Christ is the Savior of the World. Only God can save us, we as creatures can not save ourselves. Therefore, Jesus must be of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father Signup and view all the answers

What were the two questions that followed the formal statement of belief known as a creed?

How can full humanity and full divinity exist in one person. How is it possible to preserve monotheism given Christ is “of the same substance” as the Father. Signup and view all the answers

What was the major effect of Constantine's influence on the church?

Enabling Christianity to be a major influence on Western culture and spreading its message throughout the world Signup and view all the answers

Was Constantine's influence on the church predominantly positive or negative?

Both positive and negative, as he enabled Christianity's influence but also increased church corruption Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between church and state during the period #3 (476-1095)?

The pope and military leaders entered into agreements to secure the security of both the church and the state Signup and view all the answers

When did the Muslims first land on European shores and who defeated them in a significant battle?

By 711, the Muslims landed for the first time on European shores at Gibraltar, and in 732 Charles Martel defeated the Muslim forces at the Battle of Tours Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the schism between the East and the West in 1054?

Those under the authority of the Patriarch of Rome are Roman Catholics Signup and view all the answers

What was the crucial issue leading to the theological tensions between East and West?

The issue of whether Rome has supreme authority in the church Signup and view all the answers

What did the iconoclasts warn against regarding the veneration of images?

This was idolatry, in violation of the first commandment Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Council of Nicaea in 325?

The council reaffirmed the Nicene Creed Signup and view all the answers

What did Pope Urban II urge Christians to do at the council of Clermont in 1095?

Recover the Holy Lands from the Muslims Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were the most prominent sees in the ancient church?

Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople, and Rome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were eventually controlled by Muslim forces, leading to increased prominence of Rome and Constantinople?

Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria Signup and view all the answers

When was the issue of the iconoclast controversy (the veneration of images) addressed?

Second Council of Nicaea (787 AD) Signup and view all the answers

What did the theological tensions between East and West result from?

The crucial issue of whether Rome has supreme authority in the church Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of monasticism?

Antony (251-356) Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'hermit' mean?

One who lives a solitary existence Signup and view all the answers

What did St. Benedict envision for the monks?

A life of prayer and work Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'cenobite' monks?

Monks who live in community Signup and view all the answers

What are the vows that Benedictine monks take?

Poverty, chastity, obedience, and stability Signup and view all the answers

Where was the chief monastery of the Benedictine order situated?

Monte Cassino Signup and view all the answers

What is the practice of lay investiture?

The practice of a layperson appointing people to church offices Signup and view all the answers

Where was the internal reform movement of the Benedictine order centered?

Cluny Signup and view all the answers

What are mendicant orders?

Orders that beg for their income Signup and view all the answers

Who are the two most influential mendicant orders?

Franciscans and Dominicans Signup and view all the answers

What did Francis and Dominic preach?

A message of simplicity and poverty Signup and view all the answers

What is the tonsure?

The shaving of the head to recall the crown of thorns Signup and view all the answers

During the period #5 (1378-1517), which event led to a time when there were two and sometimes three people claiming to be the true pope?

The Great Schism (1378-1417) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the Protestant Reformation is associated with Henry VIII and the English Reformation?

Episcopalians, Anglican Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what was the key to Martin Luther's theological work?

The terrified conscience of the Middle Ages Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant development during the Renaissance (1300-1500) mentioned in the text?

The rediscovery of ancient texts and the invention of the printing press Signup and view all the answers

What did Luther criticize in the Ninety-Five Theses?

The sale of indulgences Signup and view all the answers

What was the concept of 'Treasury of Merit' based upon?

The idea of storing up treasure in heaven Signup and view all the answers

At the Diet of Worms, what did Luther declare when asked to recant?

He cannot and will not recant unless convinced by evidence from the Holy Scriptures or clear reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What did Luther emphasize as one of his central ideas?

Justification by faith Signup and view all the answers

What did Luther recognize as the sole authority in matters of faith?

The Bible (sola scriptura) Signup and view all the answers

Which two sacraments did Luther recognize as grounded in scripture?

Baptism and Eucharist Signup and view all the answers

What did Luther emphasize regarding the priesthood?

Priesthood of all believers Signup and view all the answers

What did Luther wish to preserve in the concept of salvation?

The primacy of God and the significance of the cross Signup and view all the answers

Where was John Calvin born?

France Signup and view all the answers

In which city did John Calvin attempt to set up a religious form of government?

Geneva Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea in Calvin’s theology?

The absolute sovereignty of God Signup and view all the answers

What does predestination, as believed by John Calvin, entail?

God’s will is the sole determining factor in salvation Signup and view all the answers

Who was the leading figure of the English Reformation?

Henry VIII Signup and view all the answers

What was the key factor in the English Reformation?

Nationalism Signup and view all the answers

Who succeeded Henry VIII after his death?

Edward VI Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Henry VIII's desire to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon?

Lack of sons Signup and view all the answers

Who succeeded Edward after his death at the age of fifteen?

Mary, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon Signup and view all the answers

Which group within the Radical Reformation rejected infant baptism and is often credited with being the founder of the Baptist church?

Anabaptists Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Quakers, officially called 'the Society of Friends'?

George Fox Signup and view all the answers

What was the major group within the Radical Reformation that rejected infant baptism and is often credited with being the founder of the Baptist church?