Consciousness and Sleep Study Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is defined as a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind?

  • Alertness
  • Free will
  • Consciousness (correct)
  • Introspection

Which of the following is a reason why consciousness is hard to study?

  • Dreaming is not well understood
  • Sleep cycles are irregular
  • Consciousness is universally agreed upon
  • Introspection is unreliable (correct)

What is meant by 'self-awareness' in the context of consciousness?

  • The ability to perceive the thoughts of others
  • The ability to think about oneself (correct)
  • The ability to make unconscious decisions
  • The ability to dream while sleeping

What does the 'Hard Problem' refer to in relation to consciousness?

<p>Explaining how consciousness is produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept relates to the difficulty in perceiving the consciousness of others?

<p>Phenomenology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines minimal consciousness?

<p>Low-level sensory awareness and responsiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by cognitive unconscious?

<p>Thought processes experienced without awareness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the default network is true?

<p>It is related to conscious awareness when not engaged in tasks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulate?

<p>Sleep and alertness based on light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of melatonin in sleep regulation?

<p>Regulates sleep timing based on light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used to monitor brain activity during sleep?

<p>Electroencephalography (EEG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured alongside brain activity during sleep studies?

<p>Muscle activity and body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are sleeping subjects' states examined after exposure to stimuli?

<p>By waking them and assessing their mental state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of one complete sleep cycle on average?

<p>90 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain waves are associated with the awake, relaxed state just before falling asleep?

<p>Alpha waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which sleep stage do hypnagogic hallucinations typically occur?

<p>NREM-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about REM sleep?

<p>Heart rate rises and breathing becomes rapid during REM sleep. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to brain activity as a person transitions from deep sleep to REM sleep?

<p>Brain activity increases to beta waves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common content of dreams according to research?

<p>Negative emotional content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep involves muscle immobility due to brainstem activity?

<p>REM Sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often do men reportedly have sexual dreams?

<p>1 in 10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does age have on sleep stages?

<p>More awakenings and less deep sleep (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of sleep deprivation?

<p>Memory impairment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory suggests that dreams are a way to make sense of random neural activity?

<p>Activation-Synthesis Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dreams as mentioned in the content?

<p>They often involve intense emotions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during REM sleep if an individual is deprived of it?

<p>They have a phenomenon called REM Rebound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of dreams is commonly difficult to recall?

<p>The dream itself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of Freud's theory of dreams?

<p>It lacks scientific support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do psychoactive drugs affect consciousness?

<p>They alter conscious experiences and behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does THC have on motor coordination?

<p>Impair motor coordination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are psychological factors influencing drug use?

<p>Depression and identity issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does THC accumulate in the body with repeated long-term use?

<p>It increases the effects of future use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential long-term emotional consequence of drug use?

<p>Lasting emotional distress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does perceived risk play in teenage marijuana use?

<p>Higher perceived risk reduces use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a social influence on drug use?

<p>Media glorification of drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major active ingredient in marijuana known for causing mild hallucinations?

<p>THC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common purpose of drug prevention efforts?

<p>Boosting self-esteem and purpose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of alcohol on cognitive processing?

<p>Impaired self-control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests people's expectations can influence the effects of alcohol?

<p>Expectancy theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of high doses of opiates?

<p>Euphoria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has significantly increased since the year 2000 with regard to opioids?

<p>Rate of opioid overdoses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a reason why alcohol is considered highly harmful in society?

<p>It is illegal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding alcohol myopia?

<p>It hampers attention and simplifies responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to occur as a result of alcohol's effect on memory?

<p>Reduced memory formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of stimulants?

<p>Excite neural activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Consciousness definition

Subjective experience of the world and mind, including alertness, mental content, self-awareness, and free will.

Hard Problem of Consciousness

The challenge of explaining how physical processes create subjective experience.

Problem of Other Minds

Difficulty in knowing if others have consciousness.

Introspection

The process of looking inward to examine one's own conscious experience.

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Consciousness study difficulty

Challenges in scientifically studying consciousness due to subjectivity and the limits of observation.

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Minimal Consciousness

Low-level sensory awareness and responsiveness; mind inputs sensations and outputs behaviors.

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Full Consciousness

Awareness of one's mental state and ability to report it.

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Cognitive Unconscious

Mental processes affecting thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior, but not experienced consciously.

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Mind-Body Problem

The relationship between the mind and the brain/body.

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Circadian Rhythm

The 24-hour biological cycle, including sleep.

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suprachiasmatic nucleus

Brain region controlling the circadian rhythm, linked to light exposure.

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Sleep Investigation

Monitoring brain and body activity to study sleep and dreams.

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EEG in sleep study

Measures brain waves during sleep to observe brain activity.

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Sleep Stages

Distinct patterns of brain waves and muscle activity linked to different levels of consciousness during sleep.

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Sleep Cycle

The repeating pattern of sleep stages throughout the night, typically lasting about 90 minutes.

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Alpha Waves

Slow, large-amplitude brain waves characteristic of the state between wakefulness and sleep.

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NREM-1 sleep

The first stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep, characterized by slower, irregular brain waves.

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REM sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep, marked by increased brain activity, rapid eye movements, and vivid dreams.

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Deep Sleep

The deepest stage of non-REM sleep, characterized by slow delta waves.

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Sleep Deprivation

The state of not getting enough sleep, leading to negative effects on physical and mental health.

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Sleep's Importance

Sleep is crucial for physical and mental health, impacting concentration, memory, and emotional well-being, even impacting the immune system.

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Dream Content

The elements and experiences found within a dream, including illogical thoughts, meaningful sensations, intense emotions, and difficulty remembering.

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Negative Emotional Dreams

Dreams often include negative feelings. A significant portion of dreams have some form of negative emotional content (e.g., failure).

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Activation-Synthesis Theory

Dream theory proposing that dreams arise from random brain activity during REM sleep. The brain tries to make sense of these random signals.

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REM Sleep Rebound

Increased REM sleep after periods of REM sleep deprivation. Shows REM sleep is important.

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Psychoactive Drugs

Drugs that alter conscious experience and behavior.

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Freud's Wish Fulfillment Theory

Dreams represent subconscious desires and conflicts. Manifest content (surface) shows latent content (hidden).

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Recent Events in Dreams

Dreams often incorporate elements of recent events, especially notable/unusual ones.

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Sensory Experience in Dreams

Dreams can include ongoing sensory stimuli, such as phone ringing also appearing in a dream context.

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Alcohol Effects

Alcohol slows neural processing, reduces sympathetic nervous system activity, impairs memory, judgment, and self-control, and can lead to alcohol myopia.

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Alcohol Expectancy Theory

Alcohol's effects can be influenced by people's beliefs about how alcohol will affect them in specific situations.

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Alcohol Harm

Alcohol is the most harmful drug due to its legal availability, low cost, and widespread access.

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Opiates

Opiates include chemicals like morphine and heroin derived from opium poppies, reducing pain and anxiety and inducing euphoria.

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Opiate Addiction

Opiates are highly addictive substances causing significant withdrawal symptoms, and increasing overdose risks.

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Opiate Overdose Crisis

Opioid overdose rates have dramatically increased. Strategies include better training for physicians, policy changes, and public awareness campaigns.

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Stimulant Drugs

Stimulants excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions.

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Opioid Origin

Opioids often come from physician-written prescriptions, creating a connection between over-prescription patterns and the crisis.

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THC effect

THC, the main component of marijuana, causes mild hallucinations, heightened sensations, disinhibition, and potential mood swings from euphoria to panic.

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Long-term THC use

Repeated use of THC can lead to THC buildup in the body, brain shrinkage in areas related to memory and emotion, and damage from smoke inhalation.

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Drug use influences

Drug use is influenced by biological factors (like family history, risk-taking), psychological factors (like mental health), and social influences (like peer pressure, media).

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Marijuana use (Teenagers)

Teenagers' marijuana use is connected to their perception of the drug's risk, with less perceived risk correlating with more likely use.

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Drug prevention goals

Drug prevention involves educating people about the long-term downsides (costs) of drug use, boosting self-esteem, changing peer groups, and teaching people to say no to peer pressure.

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Hypnosis

Hypnosis is a social interaction where one person guides another, suggesting changes in perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors.

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Hallucinations (THC)

Sensory experiences appearing as images or sensations not actually stemming from the environment.

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Perceived Risk (Drug Use)

The subjective assessment of the potential danger of a substance.

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