Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of cells are responsible for the synthesis of ECM components?
What type of cells are responsible for the synthesis of ECM components?
- Macrophages
- Pericytes
- Fibroblasts (correct)
- Fibrocytes
What is the main function of connective tissue proper?
What is the main function of connective tissue proper?
- Providing structural support
- Serving as a medium for exchange
- Aiding in the defense and protection of the body
- All of the above (correct)
Which type of cells are observed during wound healing?
Which type of cells are observed during wound healing?
- Myofibroblasts (correct)
- Mast cells
- Macrophages
- Fibrocytes
What are the two elements that connective tissue is composed of?
What are the two elements that connective tissue is composed of?
What is the function of adipose tissue?
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Which type of cells are long-living and can survive for months in tissues?
Which type of cells are long-living and can survive for months in tissues?
What is the function of macrophages?
What is the function of macrophages?
What is the function of connective tissue proper in organs?
What is the function of connective tissue proper in organs?
What is the main difference between fibroblasts and fibrocytes?
What is the main difference between fibroblasts and fibrocytes?
What is the origin of macrophages?
What is the origin of macrophages?
Where are mucosal mast cells typically found?
Where are mucosal mast cells typically found?
What type of immunoglobulin is produced by plasma cells and binds to mast cell receptors?
What type of immunoglobulin is produced by plasma cells and binds to mast cell receptors?
What triggers the degranulation process in mast cells?
What triggers the degranulation process in mast cells?
What is the result of the degranulation process in mast cells?
What is the result of the degranulation process in mast cells?
Where are connective tissue mast cells typically found?
Where are connective tissue mast cells typically found?
What is the outcome of the intracellular fusion of specific granules and exocytosis?
What is the outcome of the intracellular fusion of specific granules and exocytosis?
What happens to the mast cell after degranulation?
What happens to the mast cell after degranulation?
What is the role of IgE molecules in the degranulation process?
What is the role of IgE molecules in the degranulation process?
What is the result of the release of histamine and leukotriens from mast cells?
What is the result of the release of histamine and leukotriens from mast cells?
What is the term for the movement of leukocytes through the walls of capillaries and postcapillary venules?
What is the term for the movement of leukocytes through the walls of capillaries and postcapillary venules?
What is the result of the activation of B lymphocytes by antigens?
What is the result of the activation of B lymphocytes by antigens?
What is the main function of adipose cells?
What is the main function of adipose cells?
What is the term for the proteins that polymerize into elongated structures in connective tissue?
What is the term for the proteins that polymerize into elongated structures in connective tissue?
What is the main component of ground substance in connective tissue?
What is the main component of ground substance in connective tissue?
What is the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
What is the function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
What is the average lifespan of plasma cells?
What is the average lifespan of plasma cells?
What is the primary function of macrophages in regards to foreign substances and bacteria?
What is the primary function of macrophages in regards to foreign substances and bacteria?
What is the term for macrophages that process and present antigens to other cells?
What is the term for macrophages that process and present antigens to other cells?
What is the name of the cells that macrophages can fuse to form in certain conditions?
What is the name of the cells that macrophages can fuse to form in certain conditions?
What is the main function of histamine secreted by mast cells?
What is the main function of histamine secreted by mast cells?
What is the term for the cells that are distributed throughout the body and have special names in certain regions?
What is the term for the cells that are distributed throughout the body and have special names in certain regions?
What is the function of heparin secreted by mast cells?
What is the function of heparin secreted by mast cells?
What is the shape of the nucleus in mast cells?
What is the shape of the nucleus in mast cells?
What is the function of collagenase secreted by macrophages?
What is the function of collagenase secreted by macrophages?
What is the main function of multilocular adipose tissue in human newborns?
What is the main function of multilocular adipose tissue in human newborns?
What percentage of the body weight does multilocular adipose tissue constitute in human newborns?
What percentage of the body weight does multilocular adipose tissue constitute in human newborns?
What is the role of leptin in weight regulation?
What is the role of leptin in weight regulation?
What is the characteristic shape of nuclei in multilocular adipose cells?
What is the characteristic shape of nuclei in multilocular adipose cells?
What is the source of estrogens in postmenopausal women?
What is the source of estrogens in postmenopausal women?
What is the term for the uncoupling protein found in the mitochondria of multilocular adipocytes?
What is the term for the uncoupling protein found in the mitochondria of multilocular adipocytes?
What is the percentage of body weight represented by adipose tissue in men of normal weight?
What is the percentage of body weight represented by adipose tissue in men of normal weight?
What is the term for the type of obesity characterized by an increase in the number of adipose cells?
What is the term for the type of obesity characterized by an increase in the number of adipose cells?
Study Notes
Categories of Connective Tissues
- Embryonic connective tissues:
- Mesenchymal
- Mucous
- Adult connective tissues:
- Specialized connective tissues
- Connective tissue proper
- Supporting tissues
- Adipose tissue
Characteristics of Connective Tissues
- Origin: Mesenchyme
- Structure: Cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)
- Cells are widely separated by ECM components
Components of Connective Tissues
- Cells:
- Fibroblasts
- Fibrocytes
- Adipoblasts
- Adipocytes
- Chondroblasts
- Chondrocytes
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes)
- Extracellular matrix (ECM):
- Fibers: Collagen, elastic, reticular
- Ground substance: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins
Functions of Connective Tissues
- Providing structural support
- Serving as a medium for exchange
- Aiding in defense and protection of the body
- Forming a site for storage of fat
Connective Tissue Proper
- Forms capsules of organs and membranes
- Forms trabeculae and walls inside organs
- Medium for exchange of metabolic waste, nutrients, and oxygen between blood and cells
Cells of Connective Tissue Proper
- Fibroblasts:
- Originate from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
- Produce ECM components
- Can proliferate
- Fibrocytes:
- Quiescent fibroblasts
- Smaller than fibroblasts
- Fewer processes
- Smaller, darker, elongated nucleus
- Small amount of RER
Pericytes and Myofibroblasts
- Pericytes: Major source of myofibroblasts during fibrosis in multiple organs
- Myofibroblasts:
- Combine features of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
- Produce ECM and contain actin and myosin filaments
- Observed during wound healing
- Responsible for wound contraction after tissue injury
Resident Cells of Connective Tissue
- Macrophages:
- Derived from monocytes of blood
- Mature and acquire morphological features of macrophages
- Long-living cells, can proliferate locally
- Distributed throughout the body
- Have different names : kupffer cells , microglia and osteoclast
- Mast cells:
- Derive from stem cells of bone marrow
- Oval to round connective tissue cells
- Contain basophilic secretory granules
- Small, spherical nucleus
- Leukocytes:
- Wandering cells of connective tissue
- Migrate through walls of capillaries and postcapillary venules from blood into connective tissue
- Plasma cells:
- B lymphocyte + antigen → B lymphoblast (mitotic division) → B lymphocyte + plasma cell
- Large, ovoid cells with basophilic cytoplasm
- Well-developed RER
- Spherical nucleus
- Adipose cells:
- Fat cells
- Store neutral fats or produce heat
Adipose Tissue
- Multilocular adipose tissue (brown fat):
- Polygonal cells with multiple lipid droplets
- Rich in capillaries
- Receives direct sympathetic innervation
- Important in newborns for heat production
- Found mainly around shoulder blades and kidneys
Function of Multilocular Adipose Tissue
- Produces heat
- Stimulated by nerve impulses releasing epinephrine
- Lipase releases fatty acids, metabolized to produce heat
- Thermogenin (UCP1) in mitochondria dissipates energy as heat
- Warmed blood circulates throughout the body
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Description
Learn about the classification of connective tissues, including embryonic, adult, loose, dense, and specialized types.
