Connective Tissue Types and Functions
48 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Loose connective tissue has a high amount of fibers and few fibroblasts.

False (B)

Dense irregular connective tissue is primarily composed of collagen fibers.

True (A)

Dense regular connective tissue allows for muscle contraction in multiple directions.

False (B)

White adipose tissue is primarily found in the subcutaneous layer and around internal organs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ground substance in loose connective tissue is sparse compared to the fibers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aponeuroses are a type of connective tissue that contains fibers arranged in parallel arrays.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dense regular connective tissue can be found in ligaments and tendons.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrocytes are the primary cells in dense irregular connective tissue.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

White adipose tissue is characterized by many small lipid droplets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brown adipose tissue is easily burned because it generates heat through thermogenesis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reticular connective tissue forms the structure of blood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood consists of plasma and formed elements like white and red blood cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plasma contains fibers that assist in blood circulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Red blood cells (RBCs) in mammals have a nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemoglobin in red blood cells is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leukocytes are divided into three groups: granulocytes, agranulocytes, and megakarocytes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteoglycan aggregates regulate movement and migration of macromolecules by binding to water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages are mainly responsible for synthesizing collagen in connective tissue.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adipocytes are specialized cells that store neutral fat and produce hormones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wharton's jelly is a term used to describe the ground substance in mucous connective tissue.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes are classified as resident cells in connective tissue.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mesenchyme is primarily found in suckling mammals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mast cells contain granules that mediate inflammation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adult stem cells in connective tissue are easily distinguishable from other cell types.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity by producing antibodies.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

T lymphocytes do not interact with cells to check for viral infections.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural killer (NK) cells are specialized to kill certain cancer cells and viruses.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Monocytes are small cells that circulate in the bloodstream and remain in that state permanently.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in mammals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage is made up of cells known as chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix (ECM).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Opsinization prevents viruses from attaching to cells by using their receptors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrous cartilage is one of the classifications of cartilage along with hyaline and elastic cartilage.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrocytes are always the most important cells in connective tissue.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More than 95% of all cartilage volume consists of cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage is an avascular structure with no blood vessels.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyaline cartilage contains type I collagen fibers in its ECM.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrocartilage has a perichondrium.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage are found in groups called isogenous groups.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elastic cartilage is primarily found in the ears and larynx.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bones are not similar to cartilages as they develop independently.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some species can walk immediately after birth, while others cannot due to the lack of bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone tissue is mainly composed of cartilage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix of bone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoclasts help in the formation of new bones by producing osteocytes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral ossification involves a cartilage model that serves as a precursor to bone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous ossification occurs without a cartilage precursor.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteocytes remain on the surface of the bone even when there is active growth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Haversian canals contain nerves and blood vessels within the bone.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proteoglycan Aggregates

Giant macromolecules formed by link proteins binding proteoglycans to hyaluronan.

Connective Tissue Cells (Resident)

Cells primarily found in connective tissues, including fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, and adult stem cells.

Fibroblasts

Principal cells in connective tissue, responsible for collagen synthesis.

Macrophages

Phagocytic cells that are crucial for immune response, abundant with lysosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mesenchyme

Embryonic connective tissue with a three-dimensional cell network and viscous ground substance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wharton's Jelly

The gelatin-like ground substance in umbilical cord connective tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adult Stem Cells (Connective Tissue)

Stem cells found in specific tissue locations, difficult to distinguish from other tissue cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ECM Regulation of Movement

The binding of water and molecules to proteoglycan aggregates regulates the movement of macromolecules, microorganisms, and metastatic cancer cells in ECM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Loose Connective Tissue

Connective tissue with fewer fibers; more ground substance. Its ground substance allows for diffusion of nutrients and waste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Connective tissue with many collagen fibers arranged in random directions; providing strength in multiple directions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Has collagen fibers arranged in parallel; provides strength and directionality (e.g., tendons, ligaments).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ground Substance

The matrix in connective tissue that isn't fiber; supports cells and allows for substance diffusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fibroblasts/Fibrocytes

Cells that produce and maintain connective tissue fibers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collagen Fibers

Strong, flexible fibers that are the main structural protein in many connective tissues; most abundant in fibrous connective tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adipose Tissue (White)

Specialized connective tissue that stores fat, insulated organs, and pads them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aponeuroses

Flattened tendons where collagen fibers are arranged in layers at right angles

Signup and view all the flashcards

White Adipose Tissue

Large cells with a single lipid droplet, secreting adipokines (hormones, growth factors, cytokines).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brown Adipose Tissue

Cells with many lipid droplets, generating heat through thermogenesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reticular Connective Tissue

Connective tissue supporting lymphatic organs (spleen, lymph nodes).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood Plasma

Protein-rich liquid part of blood, without fibers to prevent clotting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Red blood cells, anucleate (no nucleus), carrying oxygen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hemoglobin

Protein in RBC, binding and transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leukocytes (WBC)

White blood cells, divided into granulocytes (with granules).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Granulocytes

Type of white blood cell with granules (small dots) in cytoplasm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cartilage Fibrocytes

The most important cells in cartilage tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cartilage ECM

Extracellular Matrix; more than 95% of cartilage's volume.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Avascular Cartilage

Cartilage lacks blood vessels; gets oxygen via diffusion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyaline Cartilage

Most common type; found in joints, rib cage, respiratory system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Isogenous Groups

Groups of chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage, arranged in circles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fibrocartilage

A mix of dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage, found in spine and joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elastic Cartilage

Cartilage containing elastic fibers; found in ears and larynx.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone-Cartilage Relation

Bones develop from cartilage; they share similarities in their formation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

T lymphocytes

Inspect cells for abnormalities and trigger cell death if needed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

B lymphocytes (Humoral Immunity)

Immune cells that circulate in body fluids, producing antibodies targeting specific antigens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibodies

Proteins that bind to specific antigens, preventing infection or disabling pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Opsonization

Process where antibodies coat pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Killer (NK) cells

Immune cells that kill virus-infected and cancerous cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monocytes/Macrophages

Immune cells that circulate in the bloodstream and then mature into macrophages, where they reside and phagocytose pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cartilage Components

Cartilage consists of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and an extracellular matrix (ECM).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Types of Cartilage

Examples include hyaline, elastic, and fibrous cartilages, each with distinct properties and responsibilities in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone vs. Cartilage

Bones are hard and solid, with nutrients diffusing poorly. Cartilage is flexible, allowing nutrients to diffuse easily. Lacunae in bones contain isolated cells, while cartilage lacunae group cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteocyte

A bone cell located within lacunae, the hollow spaces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteon

A structural unit of compact bone, arranged in concentric rings around a central canal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Haversian canal

Central canal in osteons, containing blood vessels and nerves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cell actively producing the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endochondral Ossification

Bone development from a cartilage model. Long bones use this method.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intramembranous Ossification

Direct bone development from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue), no cartilage template.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary ossification center

The initial site of bone tissue formation in a developing long bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Connective Tissue

  • Connective tissue underlies all tissues and organs
  • Supports and nourishes epithelial tissue
  • Provides structural and metabolic support of surrounding tissues
  • Contains blood vessels and adipocytes
  • Extracellular matrix regulates cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation
  • Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found at the ends of bones, enabling movement
  • Bones and blood are also connective tissue types

Types of Animal Tissues

  • Blood is a connective tissue even though it's liquid
  • Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen, and white blood cells (WBCs) are part of the immune system

Connective Tissue Composition

  • Composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)
  • ECM has two parts: fibers and ground substance
  • Collagen fibers are abundant in skin, walls, and connective tissue
  • Elastic fibers are more flexible, found in ears and nose
  • Reticular fibers are rare, found in lymph nodes and bone marrow
  • Ground substance is gel-like, mostly water and protein-rich

Connective Tissue Cells

  • Resident cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, and adult stem cells
  • Wandering cells include lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes (all part of the immune system)

Embryonic Connective Tissue (Mesenchyme and Mucous CT)

  • Mesenchyme is found in embryos
  • Primarily spindle-shaped cells with processes forming a three-dimensional network
  • Mucous connective tissue is present in umbilical cords
  • Contains a gelatin-like ECM (Wharton's jelly)
  • Contains mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into various cell types

Adult Connective Tissue (Loose, Dense Regular, and Dense Irregular CT)

  • Loose connective tissue is abundant in ground substance, supporting oxygen and nutrient diffusion
  • Dense regular tissue is highly organized with fibers in one direction (e.g., tendons, ligaments)
  • Dense irregular tissue has fibers in multiple directions (e.g., skin)

Adipose Tissue (White and Brown)

  • White adipose tissue stores fat in large lipid droplets (subcutaneous fat)
  • Brown adipose tissue generates heat via thermogenesis

Reticular Connective Tissue

  • Forms the stroma of lymphatic organs (e.g., spleen, lymph nodes)
  • Composed of stellate reticular cells and a complex three-dimensional network of reticular fibers

Blood

  • A connective tissue with a liquid ECM called plasma
  • Plasma primarily consists of albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen
  • Blood contains formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)

Blood Cells (Leukocytes - WBCs)

  • Divided into granulocytes (with granules) and agranulocytes (without granules)
  • Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
  • Agranulocytes include lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells) and monocytes
  • Granulocytes, such as neutrophils, are involved in fighting infections

Cartilage Types

  • Hyaline cartilage: Most common, found in joints, trachea, nose, and respiratory system
  • Fibrocartilage: High collagen content, found in intervertebral discs and menisci
  • Elastic cartilage: Elastic fibers, found in ears and epiglottis

Bone Structure

  • Compact bone: Dense outer layer, supportive
  • Spongy bone: Inner layer with trabeculae; less dense
  • Osteocytes: Mature cells in lacunae within bone matrix
  • Osteoblasts: Form bone matrix
  • Osteoclasts: Resorb bone matrix

Bone Formation

  • Endochondral ossification: From cartilage templates
  • Intramembranous ossification: Directly from mesenchyme (e.g., flat bones)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Connective Tissue Theoretical Test Locomotor System 1 PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on the various types of connective tissues, their properties, and functions. It covers loose, dense irregular, dense regular, and adipose tissues, as well as their cellular components and structural roles. Test your knowledge on these essential biological tissues!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser