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Questions and Answers
What is the main transformation process of a fibroblast as it matures?
Which of the following is a function of fibroblasts?
What characterizes the nucleus of fixed macrophages or histiocytes?
How do fixed macrophages contribute to the immune response?
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Which cell type can form multinucleated giant cells during immune responses?
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What component do fibroblasts contribute to the extracellular matrix?
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What is the role of myofibroblasts in wound healing?
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What is the primary origin of fixed macrophages?
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What is a distinct feature of unilocular adipocytes?
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What is the primary function of multilocular adipocytes?
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Which characteristic is true for mesenchymal cells?
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Where are pericytes typically located?
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What is a key difference between unilocular and multilocular adipocytes?
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What type of staining is used to visualize fat cells in sections?
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What feature is characteristic of endothelial cells?
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Which of the following is a function of pericytes?
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Study Notes
Connective Tissue: Fixed Cells
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Fibroblast and Fibrocyte:
- Develop from pericytes and mesenchymal cells.
- Mature fibroblasts become less active and change into fibrocytes.
- Fibroblasts form connective tissue fibers and matrix.
- Abundant in areolar connective tissue.
- Fibroblasts can transform into contractile myofibroblasts, rich in contractile filaments.
- Crucial in wound closure during healing.
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Fixed Macrophages (Histiocytes):
- Originate from blood monocytes migrating to connective tissue.
- Motile cells with multiple processes (pseudopodia).
- Irregular cell membrane due to pseudopodia.
- Cytoplasm is basophilic, containing lysosomes and phagocytosed materials.
- Indented or kidney-shaped nucleus, rich in heterochromatin (dark).
- Distinguished from fibroblasts by pale nucleus.
- Stained with vital stains like Trypan blue or black Indian ink.
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Adipose Cells (Adipocytes):
- Derived from mesenchymal cells after fat accumulation.
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Unilocular:
- Large, oval cells with flattened peripheral nucleus (signet ring).
- Contain a large fat globule.
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Multilocular:
- Present in newborns.
- Many fat globules and mitochondria.
- Rounded nucleus
- Primarily for heat production.
- Found in neck, shoulders, back, axilla, and para-aortic regions in newborns.
Other Cells
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Mesenchymal Cells (UMCs):
- Embryonic, branched cells with large oval, basophilic nuclei.
- Found primarily in embryonic tissues.
- Differentiate into various connective tissue cell types.
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Pericytes:
- Pale, branched cells with cytoplasmic processes.
- Located externally to endothelium of capillaries and small venules.
- Considered mesenchymal cells, persisting throughout adulthood.
- Contribute to fibroblasts and other cells.
Endothelial Cells
- Line the inner surface of blood capillaries and vessels.
- Adults consider them connective tissue.
- Functions:
- Synthesize type IV collagen.
- Can divide to form new capillaries in damaged tissue.
- Produce their own basal lamina.
Reticular Cells
- Found in reticular connective tissue.
- Modified fibroblasts.
- Secrete reticular fibers (part of CT network).
- Branched cells with processes.
- Contribute to the stroma of glands, organs, and bone marrow.
- Remove cellular debris in lymphatic systems.
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Description
Explore the essential components of fixed cells in connective tissue, including fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. Understand their origins, functions, and significance in tissue structure and repair. This quiz provides a comprehensive overview for students studying histology.