Congenital Heart Defects Overview

A defect in the interatrial septum that causes a left-to-right shunt of blood, increasing blood volume in the right atrium and ventricle.

Blood flows from the left atrium to the right atrium through the defect.

A type of ASD, usually accompanied by other heart defects, where the defect is near the bottom of the septum.

A common isolated type of ASD located in the fossa ovalis (a normal fetal opening in the heart).

Incomplete development of heart structures, in the context of ASD, leading to an opening in the atrial septum.

A process where heart tissues break down in a more rapid way than normal.

The wall that separates the two atria of the heart.

A small depression in the atrial septum, marking where the fetal foramen ovale was.

A heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, resulting in complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow.

The aorta carries deoxygenated blood, and the pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood in a transposition of great vessels.

A type of congenital heart disease characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin due to low oxygen levels in the blood.

An abnormal passage between chambers of the heart that allows blood to bypass normal circulation.

A persistent connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery, often present in newborns and causing a shunt.

A persistent opening between the atria in the heart, normally present in fetal development but should close.

Foramen ovale remains open after birth, causing a small blood flow from right to left atrium.

Failure of the atrial septum primum and secundum to fuse, resulting in an opening causing mild left to right shunt.

Narrowing of the aorta, often distal to the left subclavian artery, leading to high blood pressure in the upper body and low blood pressure in the lower body.

Specific part of the aorta where narrowing often occurs in coarctation.

Blood vessels that develop to compensate for reduced blood flow due to coarctation, often around the narrowed part of the aorta.

Change in the direction of blood flow through an abnormal opening, such as in a patient with PFO during certain maneuvers.

A maneuver involving forceful exhalation against a closed glottis, increasing right atrial pressure. It's possibly a trigger for shunt reversal.

Heart and vascular abnormalities present in approximately 1% of live-born infants, often linked to genetic and environmental factors.

Congenital heart defects causing left-to-right shunting of blood.

Congenital heart defects characterized by right-to-left shunting of blood, leading to deoxygenated blood entering systemic circulation.

Blood flowing from the left side of the heart to the right side through an abnormal opening.

An opening in the wall separating the atria, causing a left-to-right shunt.

An opening in the wall separating the ventricles, causing a left-to-right shunt.

Persistence of a fetal blood vessel connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Narrowing of the aorta, often impacting blood flow.

A persistent connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery after birth, causing a left-to-right shunt.

Blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary arteries in patent ductus arteriosus.

A combination of four heart defects: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Congenital heart conditions causing low oxygen levels in blood, leading to bluish skin.

Condition resulting from excessive strain on the right and/or left ventricles due to circulatory imbalance in congenital heart disease.

Foramen ovale remaining open after birth, causing a small blood flow from right to left atrium.

Imperfect fusion of atrial septum primum and secundum leading to a hole, allowing mild left-to-right shunt.

Narrowing of the aorta, typically distal to the left subclavian artery, leading to high BP in upper body and low BP in lower body.

Blood flow direction change through an abnormal opening, often triggered by maneuvers increasing right atrial pressure.

Forcibly exhaling against a closed glottis, increasing right atrial pressure and potentially causing shunt reversal.

Specific part of the aorta where coarctation frequently happens.

Blood vessels emerging around narrowed aorta compensating for reduced blood flow.

An abnormal opening between the left and right ventricles of the heart, creating a left-to-right shunt.

Blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side, usually due to a heart defect.

Most commonly found in the membranous part of the ventricular septum.

VSD creates increased volume in the right ventricle, causing it to enlarge.

Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, caused by excessive pulmonary blood flow.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart decreases.

The left ventricle also enlarges due to extra blood volume.

A heart condition present at birth.

Ventricular septal defect is a frequently occurring congenital heart disease.

A heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, completely separating the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow.

Congenital heart disease causing low oxygen levels in the blood, leading to bluish skin.

An abnormal passage between heart chambers that allows blood to bypass normal circulation.

Normal blood flow where oxygen-rich blood reaches the body tissues.

Abnormal blood flow where deoxygenated blood is pumped to the body's tissues.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) mixes blood flows making truncus arteriosus pump both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.