Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in developing countries?
What is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in developing countries?
Which pathogen is more commonly associated with chronic diarrhea in developed countries?
Which pathogen is more commonly associated with chronic diarrhea in developed countries?
What is a less common pathogen associated with chronic diarrhea?
What is a less common pathogen associated with chronic diarrhea?
Which population is more likely to experience severe diarrhea from opportunistic microorganisms?
Which population is more likely to experience severe diarrhea from opportunistic microorganisms?
Signup and view all the answers
In which group do Clostridium difficile and cytomegalovirus act as opportunistic agents?
In which group do Clostridium difficile and cytomegalovirus act as opportunistic agents?
Signup and view all the answers
What can trigger a vicious circle with malnutrition in children with HIV/AIDS?
What can trigger a vicious circle with malnutrition in children with HIV/AIDS?
Signup and view all the answers
If the serum Na is 150 mmol/L, blood glucose is 800 mg/L, and BUN of 120 mg/L, what is the serum osmolality?
If the serum Na is 150 mmol/L, blood glucose is 800 mg/L, and BUN of 120 mg/L, what is the serum osmolality?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the principal extracellular cation that controls the osmolality of body fluids?
What is the principal extracellular cation that controls the osmolality of body fluids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for calculating serum osmolality?
What is the formula for calculating serum osmolality?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered the normal range for serum osmolality?
What is considered the normal range for serum osmolality?
Signup and view all the answers
Which electrolyte is lost in the stool in cases of diarrhea and contributes to osmolality disturbances?
Which electrolyte is lost in the stool in cases of diarrhea and contributes to osmolality disturbances?
Signup and view all the answers
What fluid compartments does serum osmolality govern the distribution between?
What fluid compartments does serum osmolality govern the distribution between?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four groups in which CDDs can be classified?
What are the four groups in which CDDs can be classified?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the incidence rate of cystic fibrosis in relation to genetic disorders associated with CDD?
What is the incidence rate of cystic fibrosis in relation to genetic disorders associated with CDD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which syndrome is likely to see an increase in identified patients due to the clinical application of exome sequencing?
Which syndrome is likely to see an increase in identified patients due to the clinical application of exome sequencing?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are selected CDDs more frequent in certain ethnic groups?
Why are selected CDDs more frequent in certain ethnic groups?
Signup and view all the answers
In which population was a defect in the DGAT1 gene identified using whole-exome sequencing?
In which population was a defect in the DGAT1 gene identified using whole-exome sequencing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which specific mutation is typically found in both Finnish and Japanese populations for lysinuric protein intolerance?
Which specific mutation is typically found in both Finnish and Japanese populations for lysinuric protein intolerance?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the common signs that best predict dehydration?
What are the common signs that best predict dehydration?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it challenging to distinguish between mild and moderate dehydration based on clinical signs alone?
Why is it challenging to distinguish between mild and moderate dehydration based on clinical signs alone?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptoms typically precede the frequent passage of watery nonbloody stools in rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE)?
What symptoms typically precede the frequent passage of watery nonbloody stools in rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common feature of the diarrhea in rotavirus AGE that helps differentiate it from other causes?
What is a common feature of the diarrhea in rotavirus AGE that helps differentiate it from other causes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which signs suggest severe dehydration in a patient?
Which signs suggest severe dehydration in a patient?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do most guidelines now combine mild and moderate dehydration categories?
Why do most guidelines now combine mild and moderate dehydration categories?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main cause of metabolic acidosis in severe diarrheal dehydration?
What is the main cause of metabolic acidosis in severe diarrheal dehydration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining feature of diarrhea?
What is the defining feature of diarrhea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is characteristic of severe or persistent metabolic acidosis?
Which symptom is characteristic of severe or persistent metabolic acidosis?
Signup and view all the answers
In what condition is parenteral administration of sodium bicarbonate sometimes necessary?
In what condition is parenteral administration of sodium bicarbonate sometimes necessary?
Signup and view all the answers
What signifies an incorrect case of diarrhea?
What signifies an incorrect case of diarrhea?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition leads to retention of hydrogen in the blood?
Which condition leads to retention of hydrogen in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
