Podcast
Questions and Answers
Conformity: o A change in ______ as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people
Conformity: o A change in ______ as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people
behaviour
Examples: o o o o Cults Violence Dictatorships Everyday ______
Examples: o o o o Cults Violence Dictatorships Everyday ______
behaviour
Why do we conform. o Rely on social cues when in confusing or ambiguous ______
Why do we conform. o Rely on social cues when in confusing or ambiguous ______
circumstances
Why do we conform. o ______, heavy social pressure, group size, culture
Why do we conform. o ______, heavy social pressure, group size, culture
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Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ______
Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ______
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Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that ______’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours
Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that ______’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours
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Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ______ situation is more correct than ours
Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ______ situation is more correct than ours
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Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more ______ than ours
Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more ______ than ours
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Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ______ choose an appropriate course of action
Informational social influence o Conforming because we believe that others’ interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ______ choose an appropriate course of action
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Conformity: o A change in ______ as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people
Conformity: o A change in ______ as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people
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Meta-analytically supported o Strongest effects when requests are pro-social Compliance Foot-in-the-door technique: o A technique to get people to comply with a request, whereby people are presented first with a small request, to which they are expected to acquiesce, followed by a larger request, to which it is hoped they will also acquiesce Lowballing: o An unscrupulous strategy whereby a salesperson induces a customer to agree to purchase a product at a very low cost, and then subsequently raises the price; frequently the customer will still make the purchase at the inflated price Reciprocity: o People will feel obliged to repay others when they have been given something. Obedience to Authority Obedience: o Conformity in response to the commands of an authority figure o Norm of obedience Nazi Holocaust o Millions dead o How could this happen. • Evil people. • The banality of evil Holocaust inspired Stanley Milgram Obedience to Authority Behavioural Study of Obedience (Milgram, 1963) o Order naïve P to administer shocks to victim o Teacher (P) will administer shocks to the learner (C) when they get questions wrong o Shocks range from 15-450 volts: how far will people go. • Prodded by authority figure to continue • Samples of people predicted that 1% would go to 450 volts o 26/40 obeyed until the maximum shock was given Obedience to Authority Milgram Continued: o Original study was done on men; findings show up in women as well o Burger (2009): findings replicated across ethnicity, gender, age, education, and personality Obedience to Authority Normative Social Influence o Authority norm of obedience Informational Social Influence o Confusing situation look to experimenter for “guidance” Self-Justification The End .
Meta-analytically supported o Strongest effects when requests are pro-social Compliance Foot-in-the-door technique: o A technique to get people to comply with a request, whereby people are presented first with a small request, to which they are expected to acquiesce, followed by a larger request, to which it is hoped they will also acquiesce Lowballing: o An unscrupulous strategy whereby a salesperson induces a customer to agree to purchase a product at a very low cost, and then subsequently raises the price; frequently the customer will still make the purchase at the inflated price Reciprocity: o People will feel obliged to repay others when they have been given something. Obedience to Authority Obedience: o Conformity in response to the commands of an authority figure o Norm of obedience Nazi Holocaust o Millions dead o How could this happen. • Evil people. • The banality of evil Holocaust inspired Stanley Milgram Obedience to Authority Behavioural Study of Obedience (Milgram, 1963) o Order naïve P to administer shocks to victim o Teacher (P) will administer shocks to the learner (C) when they get questions wrong o Shocks range from 15-450 volts: how far will people go. • Prodded by authority figure to continue • Samples of people predicted that 1% would go to 450 volts o 26/40 obeyed until the maximum shock was given Obedience to Authority Milgram Continued: o Original study was done on men; findings show up in women as well o Burger (2009): findings replicated across ethnicity, gender, age, education, and personality Obedience to Authority Normative Social Influence o Authority norm of obedience Informational Social Influence o Confusing situation look to experimenter for “guidance” Self-Justification The End .
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______ is more likely if task/behaviour is important, the situation is ambiguous, others are experts
______ is more likely if task/behaviour is important, the situation is ambiguous, others are experts
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Normative Social Influence: The influence of other people that leads us to ______ in order to be liked and accepted by them
Normative Social Influence: The influence of other people that leads us to ______ in order to be liked and accepted by them
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Humans need to be accepted and liked. Groups have expectations for ______
Humans need to be accepted and liked. Groups have expectations for ______
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Social Norms: The implicit or explicit rules a group has for ______
Social Norms: The implicit or explicit rules a group has for ______
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Normative social influence can be exploited for good or bad. Examples: Eat healthier foods; Pro-environmental ______
Normative social influence can be exploited for good or bad. Examples: Eat healthier foods; Pro-environmental ______
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Resisting Normative Social Influences: 1. Be aware the process is operating (whether you know it or not) 2. Take ______
Resisting Normative Social Influences: 1. Be aware the process is operating (whether you know it or not) 2. Take ______
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Minority Influence: The case in which a minority of group members influences the ______ or beliefs of the majority
Minority Influence: The case in which a minority of group members influences the ______ or beliefs of the majority
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Compliance: A change in ______ in response to a direct request from another person
Compliance: A change in ______ in response to a direct request from another person
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Door-in-the-face technique: A technique to get people to comply with a request whereby people are presented first with a large request, which they are expected to refuse, and then with a smaller, more reasonable ______
Door-in-the-face technique: A technique to get people to comply with a request whereby people are presented first with a large request, which they are expected to refuse, and then with a smaller, more reasonable ______
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Obedience: Conformity in response to the commands of an ______ figure
Obedience: Conformity in response to the commands of an ______ figure
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Study Notes
Conformity
- Conformity: a change in behavior as a result of the real or imagined influence of other people
- Examples: cults, violence, dictatorships, everyday situations
Why Do We Conform?
- We rely on social cues when in confusing or ambiguous situations
- Factors influencing conformity: social pressure, group size, culture
Informational Social Influence
- Conforming because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours
- Conforming because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours in choosing an appropriate course of action
Compliance
- Compliance: a change in behavior in response to a direct request from another person
- Techniques to get people to comply:
- Foot-in-the-door technique: present a small request, then a larger request
- Lowballing: induce a customer to agree to purchase a product at a low cost, then raise the price
- Reciprocity: people feel obliged to repay others when they have been given something
Obedience to Authority
- Obedience: conformity in response to the commands of an authority figure
- Norm of obedience: people tend to obey authority figures
- Examples: Nazi Holocaust, Milgram's Behavioral Study of Obedience (1963)
- Milgram's study: participants were ordered to administer shocks to a learner, with 26/40 obeying until the maximum shock was given
- Replication of Milgram's study: findings showed up in women, and across ethnicity, gender, age, education, and personality
Normative Social Influence
- The influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them
- Humans need to be accepted and liked, and groups have expectations for behavior
- Social Norms: implicit or explicit rules a group has for behavior
Resisting Normative Social Influences
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- Be aware that the process is operating
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- Take responsibility
Minority Influence
- The case in which a minority of group members influences the attitudes or beliefs of the majority
Other Techniques
- Door-in-the-face technique: present a large request, then a smaller, more reasonable request
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Description
Test your knowledge on conformity and its various aspects such as social influence, compliance, and obedience to authority. Explore examples of conformity in cults, violence, dictatorships, and everyday behavior. Understand why people conform and rely on social cues in different situations.
