Confined Spaces and Hazards
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of a Standby Man?

  • To operate internal combustion engine vehicles
  • To provide first aid during an emergency
  • To perform hot work during specific activities
  • To perform stand-by duties during specific activities (correct)

    • What type of training does a Fire Watch receive?

  • Fire extinguisher training (correct)
  • Hazardous materials handling training
  • First aid training
  • Hot work training

    • What is a confined space?

  • Any area with good lightning
  • Any area intended for continuous employee occupancy
  • Any enclosure with a limited opening for entry and exit (correct)
  • Any area with good natural ventilation

    • What is the purpose of positively identifying equipment?

    <p>To identify equipment where work must be carried out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Work Area?

    <p>A physical area where work is carried out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Vehicle / Equipment Entry?

    <p>The entry of an internal combustion engine vehicle or equipment in a classified hazardous area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hazard associated with confined spaces?

    <p>Unfavorable natural ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Job Safety Analysis (JSA)?

    <p>A systematic job hazard analysis approach to control and/or eliminate hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Fire Watch during hot work?

    <p>To perform fire watch duties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a confined space?

    <p>Unfavorable natural ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the Standby Man and Fire Watch Certification Training?

    <p>To understand the basic concept of Tasnee's Work Permit System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Craftsman?

    <p>A competent person leading a team to execute a specific task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hot Work?

    <p>Any work capable of supplying source of ignition energy for igniting flammable mixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Safe Maker?

    <p>A trained and certified person with a valid authorization card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Hot Work and Cold Work?

    <p>Hot Work creates heat and sparks, while Cold Work does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of a Standby Man?

    <p>To assist during an emergency situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the Work Permit System?

    <p>To ensure safety during work operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the EHSS?

    <p>To perform fire, health, safety, and environmental checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Standby Man and a Safe Maker?

    <p>A Standby Man assists during an emergency, while a Safe Maker leads a team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Standby Man and Fire Watch Certification Training?

    <p>To understand the basic concept of Tasnee's Work Permit System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a rescue plan in confined space operations?

    <p>To rescue persons from confined spaces regardless of category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a lifeline or retrieval line in confined space operations?

    <p>To maintain contact with a person in a dangerous situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of a permit issuer and receiver in confined space operations?

    <p>To ensure understanding of the scope of work, JSA, and conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the fire watch do after completing hot work in a confined space?

    <p>Stay at the work location for 1 hour to check for potential delay ignition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with a work permit in the event of an emergency?

    <p>Suspend the work permit immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a site joint visit in confined space operations?

    <p>To identify hazards and mitigate risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the permit issuer and receiver at shift change?

    <p>To handover work permit status to their counterpart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a confined space?

    <p>A space that is partially enclosed or enclosed and is not designed for continuous occupancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after a work permit suspension?

    <p>Revalidate the work permit when the task needs to start again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a permit issuer and receiver signing the work permit continuation?

    <p>To accept handover of responsibility as per the method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a confined space entry considered to have occurred?

    <p>When the person's head or feet pass the outside limits of the confined space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between confined space category A and category B?

    <p>The type of hazardous substances present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a confined space classification?

    <p>To categorize confined spaces into different types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to be worn during tasks in confined space category A?

    <p>Permanent breathing apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an oxygen-enriched atmosphere?

    <p>An atmosphere with more than 22% oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of oxygen-enriched atmospheres?

    <p>They lower the ignition energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical hazard?

    <p>A hazard related to the chemical properties of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a confined space?

    <p>A drum or tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of categorizing confined spaces?

    <p>To determine the level of hazard present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of oxygen-enriched atmospheres?

    <p>They cause combustible materials to burn violently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the Craftsman when Task execution cannot be continuously supervised?

    <p>To assign a Craftsman with proper hand over to take over Task supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver ensure before the start of the task?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver ensure is available at the job site before starting work?

    <p>Emergency equipment as required by the work permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver ensure before executing the task?

    <p>That personnel under his control understand and sign the applicable Job Safety Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver do if any change of conditions occur during the task?

    <p>Withdraw personnel from the work site and ensure that the work permit is returned to the permit issuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver report to the permit issuer?

    <p>Any incidents that occur during the task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of lock-out, tag out?

    <p>Carrying out the task with proper lock-out, tag out protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of the Permit Receiver?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical responsibility of the Standby Man during confined space entry?

    <p>Continuously observe conditions within and outside the specific confined space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to positively barricade the entrance to a confined space?

    <p>To prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a Fire Watch do after completing hot work?

    <p>Check for potential fires for at least 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in preparing equipment for use in a confined space?

    <p>Ensure all equipment is switched off and secured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to complete the Confined Space Entry Log Sheet?

    <p>To track personnel entry and exit times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when preparing for emergency situations in confined spaces?

    <p>Having a rescue plan in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is lockout/tagout an essential protocol in confined space operations?

    <p>To prevent equipment startup during maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of confined space entry?

    <p>Assigning a Standby Man to observe conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the confined space entrant do whenever an emergency siren is activated?

    <p>Exit the confined space immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the standby man in terms of emergency equipment?

    <p>To ensure the emergency equipment is available and ready for use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the confined space entrant do when recognizing a warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation?

    <p>Exit the confined space and alert the standby man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the standby man in terms of monitoring work permit requirements?

    <p>To monitor the work permit requirements in terms of hazard mitigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the confined space entrant do when detecting a change in hazardous conditions?

    <p>Exit the confined space and alert the standby man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the standby man in terms of gas tests frequency?

    <p>To monitor the gas tests frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the standby man do when work conditions are unsafe or an emergency condition occurs?

    <p>Stop the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the confined space entrant do when an evacuation order is given by the standby man?

    <p>Exit the confined space immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a responsibility of a Standby Man/Fire Watch during Hot Work?

    <p>Shall not leave his post until he is relieved by another qualified person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Fire Watch do during hot work?

    <p>Watch for fires that may be created by the hot work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should sewer openings, drains, and floor openings be kept covered during hot work?

    <p>To prevent people from entering the area underneath the hot work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a Fire Watch be certified and trained in?

    <p>Fire extinguisher training by a third party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a responsibility of a Standby Man/Fire Watch?

    <p>To communicate permit conditions to the replacement standby/fire watch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a Standby Man/Fire Watch immediately report any problems?

    <p>When there is a detrimental change in conditions within or outside the confined space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a Fire Watch be familiar with during hot work?

    <p>The Emergency Control Plan (ECP) in the event of a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must a Standby Man/Fire Watch be clearly identifiable?

    <p>So they can be recognized by wearing a reflective vest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the Permit Issuer regarding work permits?

    <p>To verify authorization of required work permit signatories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver do if any changes occur during the task?

    <p>Report to the permit issuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Permit Issuer's responsibility regarding work permits?

    <p>To ensure work permits are closed out when task execution is completed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Receiver ensure before starting work?

    <p>That all equipment is available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for ensuring compliance to work permit methods?

    <p>The Permit Issuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Permit Issuer do if the number of permits is too high?

    <p>Stop issuing permits and ask for support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Permit Receiver's supervision?

    <p>To supervise the task execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Permit Issuer's responsibility when changes occur which directly jeopardize safety?

    <p>To cancel the work permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for energy isolation?

    <p>Electrical Isolation and Lockout/Tagout process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable range for oxygen content in a confined space?

    <p>19.5% to 22.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ventilation requirement for confined space entry?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with process material before confined space entry?

    <p>Remove it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for sewer openings in the immediate area?

    <p>Cover them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable concentration of CO in a confined space?

    <p>25 PPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for air testing in a confined space?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of air movers are allowed to ventilate confined spaces?

    <p>Pneumatic driven blower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of positively isolating process or utility lines?

    <p>To prevent material flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be used to ventilate confined spaces?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for atmospheric temperature in a confined space?

    <p>Below 35°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured for fans and air movers in confined spaces?

    <p>They are electrically bonded and grounded to the vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prepared and approved for confined space ventilation?

    <p>Ventilation plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should pure oxygen not be used to ventilate confined spaces?

    <p>It can cause explosions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ventilation required in confined spaces?

    <p>To provide a safe working environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when ventilating confined spaces?

    <p>Positioning of mechanical aspirators, drawing of fresh air, routing of exhaust air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is air conditioning used in confined spaces?

    <p>To provide ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be kept ready to use in case of air conditioners shutdown or emergency?

    <p>Air movers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ventilation of a space vary?

    <p>Depending on the type of material being ventilated from the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured for horizontal exchangers that are opened from both ends during confined space entry?

    <p>A ventilation plan is not required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of the EHSS Fire Chief in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Ensure an inspection of life supporting equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of hazard identified in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Oxygen Deficient atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is posted on sign boards to identify Confined Spaces?

    <p>Danger Confined Space - Enter by Permit Only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement before executing a task in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Ensure an inspection of life supporting equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of signage used in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Danger Nitrogen / Inert Gas Purge in Progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of the EHSS Fire Chief?

    <p>Carry out rescue operations within Confined Spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured before executing a task in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>The life supporting equipment is inspected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hazard identified in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Oxygen Deficient atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of the EHSS Fire Chief during Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Ensure an inspection of life supporting equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of signage used in Confined Space Entry?

    <p>Danger Confined Space - Enter by Permit Only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required before any subsequent entry into a confined space?

    <p>Implementation of control measures to eliminate the hazardous atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for scaffolding in confined spaces?

    <p>It must not obstruct the entrance or exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for electrical equipment in confined spaces?

    <p>It must be insulated and grounded with GFCI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for hot work in confined spaces?

    <p>A Hot Work Permit shall be issued in addition to the Confined Space Entry Permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for cord and plug connected electrical equipment?

    <p>It shall be equipped with ground fault circuit interrupters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for hand-held electrical equipment?

    <p>It shall meet the applicable local/regional/international standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for pneumatically driven power tools?

    <p>They shall be equipped with conductive air supply hoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for work inside confined spaces?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should review the rescue plan in a Confined Space Entry Category A?

    <p>Incident Commander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be attached to the confined space entry permit at the site?

    <p>Rescue plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a confined space condition changes during entry?

    <p>Withdraw the permit and leave the confined space immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should countersign the rescue plan in Confined Space Entry Category A?

    <p>Permit Issuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of categorizing confined spaces?

    <p>To determine the level of risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided for the confined space?

    <p>Safe access and exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should personnel not be lowered into confined spaces without facilities to climb back out?

    <p>To ensure quick escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the manway and/or cover before entering the confined space?

    <p>Make it safe to enter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor to consider when planning for a confined space entry work?

    <p>Internal configuration of the confined space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a rescue plan mandatory for confined space entry?

    <p>For all confined space entry types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an obstruction in a confined space?

    <p>A mixing blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an elevated confined space entry?

    <p>The entrance is above ground level by 4 feet or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when planning for a confined space rescue?

    <p>The number of workers involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider when planning for a confined space entry?

    <p>The location of the work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a rescue plan in confined space operations?

    <p>To outline the procedures for entering, exiting, escaping, and rescuing personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of a confined space rescue plan?

    <p>The resources needed for the rescue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum size of an unrestricted Manway in confined space entry?

    <p>Greater than 24 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when planning for a confined space entry?

    <p>The internal configuration of the confined space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a rescue plan be developed for confined space entry?

    <p>During the job planning phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a confined space with a horizontal Manway?

    <p>Use of retrieval lines could be difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a restricted and unrestricted Manway?

    <p>The size of the Manway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a confined space with a vertical Manway?

    <p>Rescuers must climb down or up to enter the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done during the job planning phase for confined space entry?

    <p>Develop a rescue plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of a rescue plan in confined space operations?

    <p>To outline the procedures for entering, exiting, escaping, and rescuing personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who shall prepare the Rescue Plan for confined space entry?

    <p>Task Execution Supervisor or above from Tasnee team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum requirement for rescue equipment in confined space entry?

    <p>Minimum rescue equipment shall be readily and available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification category for confined space entry that requires a rescue plan to be prepared prior to entry with obtained approval?

    <p>Category B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who shall countersign the rescue plan for confined space entry?

    <p>Permit Issuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for attaching the rescue plan to the confined space entry permit?

    <p>At the site of the confined space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who shall review and approve the rescue plan for confined space entry?

    <p>Incident Commander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the rescue plan developed for confined space entry?

    <p>Before starting the activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rescue plan in confined space operations?

    <p>To respond to an emergency in a timely and safe manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gas testing in a hazardous atmosphere?

    <p>To determine air quality and work atmosphere suitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with sewers, drains, and floor openings during hot work?

    <p>Covered and wetted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should gas cylinders and welding machines be kept at a safe distance from the welding/cutting operation?

    <p>To prevent sparks from igniting the cylinders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected and grounded before use?

    <p>Welding machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with valves on cylinders and torches when not in use?

    <p>Closed to prevent gas leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of chaining and securing gas cylinders?

    <p>To prevent the cylinders from falling or being knocked over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with oxygen cylinder hoses and fittings?

    <p>Kept clean and free of oil or grease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gas testing in confined spaces?

    <p>To determine air quality and work atmosphere suitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with sparks generated during hot work?

    <p>Totally contained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of gas testing in hazardous atmospheres?

    <p>To determine air quality and work atmosphere suitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before commencing hot work?

    <p>An initial combustible gas test shall be done.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of preparing an asset for hot work?

    <p>Installing rated blinds or disconnecting lines whenever applicable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for working on live electrical circuits?

    <p>Obtaining a hot work permit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is gas testing periodically repeated during hot work?

    <p>To monitor changing plant conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to instrument impulse tubes before hot work?

    <p>Purge, disconnect, and tag them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for preparing a work area for hot work?

    <p>Conducting a JSA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of positively isolating lines and sources of flow or pressure?

    <p>To ensure a safe working environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to equipment and machines at a site?

    <p>Obtain a hot work permit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for performing hot work?

    <p>Obtaining a hot work permit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to isolate lines and sources of flow or pressure?

    <p>To ensure a safe working environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should gas test results be recorded in the Work Permit?

    <p>Every 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a fresh gas test required before restarting hot work?

    <p>After an hour-long interruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there's a doubt about gas testing?

    <p>Conduct a new gas test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when working in an atmosphere with hazardous gases?

    <p>Meeting the threshold limit value (TLV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a functional test be carried out for the Gas detector device?

    <p>At the start of each shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gas testing in a hazardous environment?

    <p>To identify hazardous gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if an operational upset occurs during work?

    <p>Conduct a fresh gas test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to follow gas testing requirements?

    <p>To ensure a safe working environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with gas test results?

    <p>Record them in the Work Permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to test for hazardous gases?

    <p>To identify toxic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum frequency between gas tests in a classified area?

    <p>2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when a gas detector alarm sounds?

    <p>Stop work, evacuate to a safe area, and report to the permit issuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to test the air at various levels in a confined space?

    <p>To verify that the air is safe at the bottom of the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum requirement for hot work in a classified area?

    <p>The atmosphere must be tested and the gas concentration must be less than 5% of the LEL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the test result of a gas test in a classified area?

    <p>The result should be recorded in the Work Permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of audible alarms and visible lights on gas testing devices?

    <p>To alert workers of a hazardous atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is continuous gas monitoring mandatory for open flame or spark operations?

    <p>To detect any changes in the gas concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when taking gas readings in enclosed locations?

    <p>Sucking up liquid into the sample tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gas testing in confined spaces?

    <p>To verify that the space is safe for entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before performing hot work in a classified area?

    <p>The atmosphere must be tested and certified safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Confined Space Entry

    • Confined space entry occurs when any part of a person's body breaks the plane of an opening into a confined space.
    • It can be categorized into:
      • Confined space category A: where hazardous substances may be present and permanent breathing apparatus is required.
      • Confined space category B: where there are no hazardous substances or the environment can be made safe.

    Hazardous Environments

    • Chemical hazards refer to the toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive, and reactive properties of process substances.
    • Oxygen-enriched atmospheres contain more than 22% oxygen by volume, expanding the range of flammability and lowering the ignition energy.

    Job Safety Analysis

    • Job safety analysis (JSA) is a systematic approach to control and eliminate hazards associated with each step of a job.

    Personnel Roles

    • Standby man: a trained and certified person designated to perform standby duties during specific activities.
    • Fire watch: a trained and certified person in fire extinguisher training designated to perform fire watch duties during hot work.

    Work Areas

    • Work area: the physical area where work is carried out.
    • Positively identified: equipment is identified by placing a tag on it to ensure work is carried out in the correct area.

    Vehicle/Equipment Entry

    • Vehicle/equipment entry: the entry of an internal combustion engine vehicle or equipment into a classified hazardous area.

    Confined Space

    • Confined space: an enclosure with limited opening for entry and exit, unfavorable natural ventilation, and potential hazards to occupants.

    Rescue Plan

    • Rescue plan: a plan to rescue persons from a confined space, regardless of category.
    • Lifeline/retrieval line: a line used to preserve or save life, and can be used for rescue in case of an emergency.

    Permit Issuer/Receiver Responsibilities

    • Conduct face-to-face discussion to ensure understanding of scope of work, JSA, and conditions.
    • Conduct site joint visit to identify hazards and agree on mitigation.
    • Ensure all process and asset work hazards are identified and mitigated.
    • Ensure proper handover of work permit status at shift change.
    • Suspend work permit in the event of an emergency and revalidate after suspension.

    Standby Man/Fire Watch Certification Training

    • Objectives:
      • Understand responsibilities and tasks of a standby man and fire watch.
      • Gain understanding of the basic concept of Tasnee's Work Permit System.
      • Understand how to assist during an emergency situation.
      • Be equipped to handle minor emergency situations or alert for immediate response.

    Craftsman and Safe Maker

    • Craftsman: a competent person executing a specific task and leading a team.
    • Safe maker: a trained and certified person with valid authorization card designated on the permit by the Permit Issuer for safe making.

    Hot and Cold Work

    • Hot work: any work capable of supplying source of ignition energy for igniting flammable mixtures or combustible materials.
    • Cold work: any work that does not create enough heat or sparks to ignite flammable gas-air mixtures or flammable materials.

    Hot Work Safety Precautions

    • Ensure vehicles and equipment are switched off and secured to prevent fires or emergencies.
    • Fire watch personnel must be trained and certified by a third party and stay at the work location for 1 hour after completion of hot work to check for potential fires.

    Standby Responsibilities During Confined Space Work

    • Standby personnel must be present at each confined space entrance, not barricaded, and ensure the Confined Space Entry Log Sheet is completed prior to entry and exit.
    • Never enter a confined space, even in an emergency.
    • Ensure entrance to a confined space is positively barricaded and/or locked during periods when no work is performed.
    • Regularly observe conditions within and outside the confined space without entering personally.

    Confined Space Entrant Responsibilities

    • Ensure signing in and out on the Confined Space Entry Log Sheet as appropriate.
    • Follow all hazard mitigations in the permit and be alert to changing conditions.
    • Be competent to use safety equipment as specified on the permit.
    • Exit and alert the standby man in case of evacuation orders, warning signs or symptoms of exposure, changes in hazardous conditions, or emergency sirens.

    Standby/Fire Watch Core Responsibilities

    • Present authorization card to the permit issuer before signing on the work permit.
    • Familiarize oneself with the location and use of emergency equipment, alarm buttons, and escape routes.
    • Communicate emergencies immediately and ensure emergency equipment is available.
    • Follow the Emergency Control Plan and monitor work permit requirements.
    • Stop work if conditions are unsafe or sirens are activated.

    Permit Receiver Responsibilities

    • Report any incidents to the permit issuer.
    • Ensure emergency equipment is available at the job site before starting work.
    • Ensure additional lighting is provided whenever required.

    Permit Issuer Responsibilities

    • Ensure compliance with work permit methods.
    • Verify authorization of required work permit signatories.
    • Issue work permits after receiver signature and handover the copy to the Permit Receiver.
    • Conduct a work area field check with the incoming Safe Maker and have a face-to-face discussion with other incoming work permit signatories before signing the work permit.

    EHSS Fire Chief Responsibilities

    • Carries out rescue operations within Confined Spaces as requested by area owner
    • Ensures inspection of life-supporting equipment and other emergency equipment for temporary use by personnel provided by third parties
    • Ensures certification and qualifications of 3rd party rescuers when outsourced
    • Ensures rescue drill is conducted before task execution

    Confined Space Hazard Identification

    • Posting sign boards stating confined space condition:
      • "Oxygen Deficient atmosphere"
      • "DANGER CONFINED SPACE – ENTER BY PERMIT ONLY"
      • "DANGER Nitrogen / Inert Gas Purge in Progress"

    Confined Space Entry Preparation

    • Free of dangerous chemical substances / liquid as far as practically possible for "A" category and mandatory for "B" category
    • Energy isolation:
      • Electrical Isolation for energy sources of all driven equipment
      • Lockout/Tagout process
      • Positive Isolation by installing rated blind / disconnecting line
      • Process or utility lines entering or leaving the equipment / unit must be positively isolated at the nearest location to working asset
    • Radiation sources removed / isolated
    • No process material remains
    • Sewer openings in immediate area shall be covered
    • Air shall be tested and Ventilation shall be provided
    • Communication systems shall be available

    Ventilation Requirements for Confined Space

    • Oxygen content between 19.5% to 22.0%
    • Flammable gases and vapors (LEL) below 5%
    • Potential toxic air contaminants:
      • CO maximum allowable concentration is 25 PPM
      • NH3 maximum allowable concentration is 25 PPM
    • Wet bulb globe temperature ≤ 35°C or Ambient Temp ≤ 46 °C as maximum
    • Atmospheric temperature according to the Weather Condition Health & Safety Advisory reported by TASNEE clinic
    • Depending on the situation, type of ventilation shall be selected (natural draft, use of fans, or air movers or air conditioning systems)
    • Pure Oxygen shall not be used to ventilate confined spaces
    • Plant air shall not be used to ventilate unless it is used for pull-out ventilation
    • Air movers shall be listed for the area electrical classification and grounded to prevent the accumulation and discharge of static electricity

    Additional Ventilation Requirements

    • For horizontal exchanger which are opened from both ends during the confined space entry, ventilation plan is not required
    • Do not use Nitrogen to ventilate confined spaces, as this could lead to oxygen enrichment/deficiency of the space
    • Only pneumatic driven blower, fans and air movers are allowed to ventilate the confined spaces
    • Fans and air movers shall be ensured that it is electrically bonded and grounded to the vessel
    • Air conditioners can be installed as an alternate of ventilation wherever it is convenient
    • Air conditioners capacity will be used to identify the ventilation rate required
    • In case of use of Air Conditioners for ventilation, Air Movers shall be kept ready to use in case of Air Conditioners shutdown or any emergency
    • A positive means of ventilating confined space shall be established and kept operated the entire time while work is in progress
    • Ventilation plan shall be prepared and approved as per IMRS 13-02-01-23 Ventilation plan

    Confined Space Entry and Rescue Plan

    • Rescue plan shall be prepared prior to entry with obtained approval
    • Rescue plan shall be countersigned by permit issuer
    • Rescue plan shall be reviewed and approved by Incident Commander
    • Rescue plan shall be attached with confined space entry permit at site
    • Minimum rescue equipment shall be readily and available

    Safe Access and Exit for Confined Space

    • Safe access and exit shall be provided for confined space
    • Manway and or cover shall not be opened until made safe to enter
    • All open manway and or cover not in use must be positively barricaded
    • Barricading tape is not allowed to be used for manway and or cover
    • Personnel shall not be lowered into confined spaces without facilities to climb back out themselves
    • Use of cage for lifting material/person in confined space shall be included in the JSA
    • Personnel shall not be underneath when material is lowered or removed from confined space through winch/rope, cage, basket, etc.

    Work Inside Confined Space

    • Work at elevation inside confined space shall be barricaded
    • Splash pans shall be provided as needed
    • Warning signs of overhead work shall be posted
    • Workers underneath elevation shall be protected from objects falling by means of suitable temporary barrier

    Equipment and Tools for Confined Space

    • All electrical equipment shall be properly insulated and grounded with GFCI connected
    • All electrical equipment shall be less than 24 volts
    • Pneumatically driven power tools equipped with conductive air supply hoses shall be used where possible
    • All hand-held electrical equipment shall meet the applicable local/regional/international standards
    • All cord and plug connected electrical equipment shall be equipped with ground fault circuit interrupters
    • Scaffolding, whenever required, shall not obstacle the entrance or exit into or out of the confined space

    Hot Work inside Confined Spaces

    • A Hot Work Permit shall be issued in addition to the Confined Space Entry Permit
    • The equipment shall be prepared for hot work according to the obtained hot work requirements

    Confined Space Access

    • Manway size shall be considered:
      • Restricted manway of 24 inches or less in the smallest dimension
      • Unrestricted manway of greater than 24 inches in the smallest dimension
    • Confined space access shall be considered:
      • Horizontal manway located on the side of the confined space
      • Vertical manway located on the top or bottom of the confined space

    Rescue Plan Preparation and Requirements

    • Rescue plan shall be prepared during the job planning phase and before confined entry permit issuing
    • Rescue plan shall consider the following:
      • Hazards outcome of the JSA
      • Location of the work
      • Number of workers, even if there will be only single worker
      • Duration and period of the work
      • Resources needed for the rescue and the number of people required
      • Internal configuration
      • Elevation
      • Manway size
      • Confined space access
    • Rescue plan shall be prepared by task execution supervisor or above from Tasnee team and contractor
    • Familiarize all execution team with the approved rescue plan before starting the activity
    • Provision of rescue equipment shall be suitable and sufficient to respond to an emergency in a timely and safe manner

    Nature of Hot Work

    • Hot work is any task capable of providing an ignition source or posing a high risk to employees and/or plant facilities.
    • Examples of hot work include:
      • Use of open flame/spark-producing equipment (welding, torch cutting, brazing, chipping, grinding, etc.)
      • Working on live electrical circuits
      • Using non-intrinsically safe electrical tools, explosive power cartridges, cameras, or other activities that produce internal sparks, hot surfaces, or other ignition sources

    Asset Preparation for Hot Work

    • To ensure safe hot work, assets must be:
      • De-pressurized, vented, and purged to remove flammable or combustible materials
      • Positively isolated by installing rated blinds or disconnecting lines whenever applicable
      • Precautions include:
        • JSA
        • Master blind list & marked up P&IDs
        • Master tag list & marked up P&IDs
        • Energy isolation form
        • Purged, disconnected, and tagged instrument impulse tubes
        • Positively isolated lines and sources of flow or pressure

    Tools and Area Preparation for Hot Work

    • Precautions include:
      • Initial LEL gas test before commencing hot work
      • Continuous or periodic gas testing according to plant condition criteria
      • Controlling and removing flammable and combustible materials within 11m radius of hot work area
      • Covering and wetting sewers, drains, and floor openings
      • Keeping gas cylinders and welding machines at a safe distance
      • Ensuring sparks generated are contained
      • Freeing equipment and tools from defects
      • Preventing oil and grease contact with oxygen cylinder hoses and fittings
      • Closing valve on cylinders and torches when not in use
      • Chaining and securing upright gas cylinders in cylinder trolleys
      • Inspecting and grounding welding machines

    Gas Testing Outlines

    • Gas testing determines air quality, work atmosphere suitability, and required personal protective equipment
    • Atmospheres not tested are considered hazardous until proven otherwise
    • Gas testing devices only function accurately in atmospheres with 10-20.8% oxygen
    • Gas testing subtitles include:
      • Gas testing requirements
      • Gas test frequency
      • Concentrations & safe ranges of gases
      • Gas detectors maintenance & calibration
    • Gas test frequency shall be clearly identified in the work permit

    Gas Testing Requirements

    • Gas testing is mandatory for hot work, confined space entry, vehicle/equipment entry, and working in live electrical circuits in classified areas
    • Portable gas detector users must be trained and certified
    • Precautions include:
      • Avoiding condensation or sucking up liquid into the sample tube
      • Not permitting hot work until atmospheres have been tested and gas or vapor concentrations are less than 5% of the LEL
      • Equipping portable or continuous monitoring devices with audible alarms and visible lights for warning purposes
      • Recording test results in the Work Permit by the authorized gas tester

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    Related Documents

    Standby & Fire Watch Certification Training PDF
    Standby & Fire Watch Certification Training, Part 2 PDF
    Confined Space Entry Log Sheet PDF
    Confined Space Entry Requirements PDF
    Standby & Fire Watch Certification Training, One Day Part 5 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the identification and categorization of confined spaces, including drum, column, tank, heat exchanger, ducts, stack, pipe, manholes, pits, and excavation. It also touches on the hazards and safety measures required in these spaces.

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