Confined Space & trench rescue operations
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Confined Space & trench rescue operations

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Questions and Answers

What is the Cold Zone in a rescue operation?

  • The location designated for hazardous materials responders
  • Area for emergency rescues only
  • Zone where non-essential firefighters and support personnel are located (correct)
  • Area with high risk of ground collapse

    • What defines a Competent Person on a rescue site?

  • A contractor hired for emergency rescue teams
  • An on-site person in charge of operations (correct)
  • A non-essential firefighter present at the scene
  • Anyone familiar with rescue operations remotely

    • What classifies a space as a Confined Space?

  • An open area commonly used for industrial work
  • A space with hazardous air contamination and limited egress (correct)
  • A space suitable for prolonged worker occupancy
  • An area with multiple ingress and egress points

    • Which of the following is NOT an example of a Confined Space?

    <p>Open Field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can contribute to a cave-in during excavation?

    <p>Spoil pile placed too close to the trench lip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Ground Pad in rescue operations?

    <p>To disperse the weight of rescuers at the trench lip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Fissure in the context of excavation?

    <p>A large crack indicating unstable ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term Surcharge refer to in trench rescue operations?

    <p>Excess weight added to the trench lip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the first actions the first responders or EMS units will take upon arrival?

    <p>Attempt to determine if the response will be a rescue or recovery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for directing and coordinating all emergency services during the incident?

    <p>Incident Commander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the Incident Commander provide by the end of the scheduled workday?

    <p>A narrative report explaining the nature of the emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Rescue/Extrication Officer's qualifications?

    <p>Technical Rescue team trained in confined space and/or trench rescue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial zones are established by incident responders?

    <p>Hot and cold zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Rescue/Extrication Officer?

    <p>Provide medical assistance to victims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of selecting a qualified member for overseeing Hot Zone Safety?

    <p>To enhance safety for rescue efforts in hazardous areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the Incident Command does the First Arriving Captain play?

    <p>They direct their crew for scene safety and preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hand signal indicates a need for assistance?

    <p>One Hand on Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required personal protective equipment (PPE) for all members operating at the scene?

    <p>Helmet, eye protection, and gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should ladder/towers not be deployed?

    <p>In winds greater than 35 MPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if a member identifies a safety hazard?

    <p>Shout ‘Stop’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to metal hardware that has been dropped from a height exceeding three feet?

    <p>Tag it as 'DROPPED' and report it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about trench incidents is true?

    <p>Injured workers can be found in trenches that have not caved in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should members wear while working in confined spaces if bunker gear is not appropriate?

    <p>Station uniforms or jumpsuits with duty boots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for giving all motion orders?

    <p>Incident Commander or Rescue/Extrication Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be established before any underground entry can take place?

    <p>Confirmation that a toxic/combustible atmosphere does not exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is permitted to enter a confined space with potential hazardous atmosphere?

    <p>Only Technical Rescue Team members trained in S.A.R.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum depth for a trench that personnel should enter without proper shoring, shielding, sloping, or benching?

    <p>5 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be requested to monitor personnel's medical and physical conditions?

    <p>HCESD 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be available for egress every 25 feet in trench operations?

    <p>A ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a support firefighter in the hot zone?

    <p>Record names of personnel entering and exiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the first arriving unit do upon arrival at the scene?

    <p>Establish Incident Command and size-up the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for scene management during a trench rescue operation?

    <p>Incident Commander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is specifically in charge of shoring equipment placement during a rescue operation?

    <p>Rescue/Extrication Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a responsibility of the Incident Commander?

    <p>Establish the confined space entry protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done if a toxic or combustible atmosphere is present?

    <p>Initiate proper and adequate ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be kept clear of the hazard zone during a rescue operation?

    <p>Non-essential personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical information does the confined space entry permit provide to responders?

    <p>Hazards present within the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should operations begin on a rescue scene?

    <p>Once appropriate personnel are on location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be obtained from evacuated victims whenever possible?

    <p>Names, date of birth, and addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Incident Commander designate if the event is high profile or attracts media attention?

    <p>A media operations area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Confined Space / Trench Rescue Operations

    • First responders should determine if the incident is a rescue or recovery, contact management to find the victims, and notify North Comm for appropriate equipment.
    • First responders should establish initial hot and cold zones and manage incident command until a District Chief or higher arrives.
    • The IC should direct and coordinate all emergency services and outside agencies, providing a report about the incident to the Deputy Chief of Operations.
    • The First Arriving Captain should direct their crew to ensure scene safety and prepare for the arrival of Technical Rescue personnel.
    • The Rescue/Extrication Officer will be trained in confined space and trench rescue and be responsible for all rescue operations in the Hot Zone.
    • The Rescue/Extrication Officer should coordinate with the IC to develop an action plan, determine the victim’s survival profile, and assign a Hot Zone Safety member.
    • They are also responsible for supervising shoring and digging operations, assisting the IC, directing rescue operations, advising the IC on rescue mode, and acting as a liaison between the IC and facility representatives.
    • For events with toxic or combustible atmospheres, underground entry should only be allowed after confirming the atmosphere is safe.
    • If a toxic atmosphere is present, ventilation should be initiated before entry.
    • Only members trained in using Supplied Air Respirators (S.A.R) are allowed to enter a confined space with a hazardous atmosphere.
    • A designated rehab area needs to be set up with HCESD11 personnel to monitor medical and physical conditions of personnel.
    • Hot zone access should be controlled by a support firefighter or designated responder who is responsible for recording entry and exits
    • The IC should request law enforcement to establish police lines, maintain egress routes, direct traffic and ensure unauthorized entry into the cold zone is prohibited.
    • The first arriving unit at a confined space incident should establish incident command and size-up the situation, gather information, assess immediate and potential hazards to personnel, determine if additional resources are needed, determine if the situation is a rescue or recovery, keep non-essential personnel and civilians out of the hazard zone, and locate and secure the job site supervisor or other company representative.
    • The first arriving unit should also obtain a confined space entry permit from site management to identify potential hazards.
    • All confined space and trench rescue operations will follow department incident command procedures and will include the following identified command/operations positions: Incident Commander, Safety Officer, Rescue/Extrication Officer, and rescue trained members for rescue and safety team functions if needed.
    • Operations should be conducted with as little risk to SFD personnel as possible and Special Operations Team personnel should be used for critical command and operational positions.
    • Once victims are on the ground or at a safe location, they must be medically evaluated and transported by EMS if necessary.
    • The Incident Commander should designate a specific media operations area if an event is extended or considered “High Profile.”

    Safety

    • All members involved in rescue functions should utilize SFD owned equipment at all times.
    • Members in elevated positions should don a department issued harness and be tied off to a fixed shock proof anchor point when working within 3 ft.of a building edge, hole, trench, or other elevated area.
    • Members should avoid wearing bunker gear or other firefighting PPE while working in a confined space or trench. Members may wear station uniforms, jumpsuits, duty boots, structural firefighting boots, and a department-issued firefighting helmet or rescue helmet.
    • No untrained personnel are permitted to operate lowering, hauling, shoring, or safety systems.
    • All motion orders (lower, raise, stop, etc.) will be given by the Incident Commander, Rescue/Extrication Officer or specific designee. Any member identifying a safety hazard shall notify the IC, Safety Officer or shout “Stop” if such a situation arises.
    • Required PPE for all members operating at the scene will be a minimum of helmet, eye protection, and gloves.
    • The integrity of all knots and safety knots must be continually checked throughout the rescue. Personnel shall not work under a suspended Stokes basket load
    • Ladders and towers should not be deployed in winds greater than 35 MPH.
    • Any drops of metal hardware over three feet requires the equipment to be removed from service, tagged “DROPPED”, and turned in to the Quartermaster. Metal fatigue due to drops over three feet can lead to catastrophic failure under load.
    • Not all trench incidents are cave-ins. Injured workers can be found within a trench that has not caved in.
    • Rescuers and EMS personnel must use extreme caution any time they need to enter a trench over 4-feet deep. They shall not enter a trench that is over 5- feet deep unless it is properly shored, shielded, sloped, or benched. Also, there must be a good atmosphere and at least one ladder for egress every 25 feet.

    Area Definitions

    • Cold Zone: Areas within 100 feet of the warm zone that contain Command, Support, Resource, Rehab, and non-essential firefighters.
    • Competent Person: A person who is in charge or familiar with all operations at the incident site.
    • Rescue Rope: 300 or 400 ft section x ½ inch static kernmantle constructed rope used for rescue only.
    • Confined Space Entry: A member’s body breaking the imaginary plane of an opening within an enclosure with limited ingress or egress points that isn’t suitable for human inhabitants.
    • Confined Space: A space with limited means of egress, not designated for prolonged worker occupancy, and where a dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficient atmosphere can result from accumulating hazardous dust, mists, gases, or vapors.
    • Excavation: Any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth’s surface formed by the removal of earth.
    • Fissure: A large crack in the earth, either horizontal or vertical, that is symbolic of the movement of unstable ground.
    • Ground Pad: A 2’ x 4' sheet of 3/4 " thick plywood to be laid at the trench lip to disperse the weight of rescuers.
    • Sloping: Cutting back or angling the side of a trench to reduce the risk of collapse.
    • Spoil Pile: Soil removed during excavation that is piled along the trench wall. This is the primary cause of initial and subsequent cave-ins if placed too close to the trench lip.
    • Surcharge: Any type of excess weight that may be added to the trench lip, including rescuers.
    • Warm Zone: Area where personnel enter and exit the Hot Zone and should have access to rescue equipment, a decontamination area, breathing air, and the ability to monitor the environment.
    • Hot Zone: Area directly around the hazard containing the victim. Only properly trained and equipped personnel should enter the Hot Zone.

    Emergency Operations

    • The first arriving officer should perform a size up of the scene, gather information, assess immediate and potential hazards to SFD personnel, assess the need for additional resources, determine if the situation is a rescue or recovery, keep non-essential personnel out of the hazard zone, and keep civilians out of the hazard zone.
    • The Rescue/Extrication officer is in command of all shoring equipment placements, shoring strut settings, excavation, raising, lowering, and safety functions while rescuers are in the hot zone.
    • Evacuated victims shall be removed in the safest matter possible. Once on the ground or at a safe location, evacuated persons shall be medically evaluated and transported by EMS if necessary. Evacuee names, date of birth, and addresses should be obtained if possible.

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    Spring Fire Department Confined Space & Trench Rescue Operations PDF 05/24/2022

    Description

    Test your knowledge on confined space and trench rescue operations. This quiz covers key responsibilities of first responders, incident command, and coordination of rescue operations. Understanding these concepts is crucial for ensuring safety and effectiveness in rescue scenarios.

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