Conditions Associated with LGA and SGA Infants

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Questions and Answers

What assessment is used to determine an infant's immediate needs after birth?

Blood glucose level and respiratory rate

Skin color and muscle tone

Weight, height, head circumference, and gestational age (correct)

Heart rate and body temperature

What term is used to describe infants whose weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentile for their gestational age?

Premature

Large for gestational age (LGA)

Small for gestational age (SGA)

Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of small for gestational age (SGA) infants?

Increased muscle tone (correct)

Poor skin turgor

Dull, yellow-stained hair

Widely separated skull sutures

What is one of the most common problems faced by small for gestational age (SGA) infants?

Hypoglycemia (decreased blood glucose) Signup and view all the answers

Why are small for gestational age (SGA) infants at risk for birth asphyxia?

They have underdeveloped chest muscles and are at risk for meconium aspiration syndrome due to anoxia during labor. Signup and view all the answers

What potential long-term impact can small for gestational age (SGA) infants experience?

Delayed cognitive development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for an infant being small for gestational age (SGA)?

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical appearance of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant?

Overall wasted appearance, small liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common problem associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?

Both b and c Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of intrauterine growth restriction leading to an SGA infant?

Maternal obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical appearance of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant at birth?

Immature reflexes and low scores on gestational age examinations in relation to their size Signup and view all the answers

An infant with a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age is considered:

Large for gestational age (LGA) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication associated with the large head size of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?

Caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, or molding Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of an infant being large for gestational age (LGA)?

Maternal diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about large for gestational age (LGA) infants is TRUE?

They appear physically immature at birth. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants is true?

They have average weight, length, and head circumference for their gestational age. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of mothers is at increased risk of having a large for gestational age (LGA) infant?

Multiparous mothers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Assessment of Newborns

Newborns need to be assessed after birth to determine their weight, height, head circumference, and gestational age to identify their immediate needs and manage them promptly.
Birth weight normally increases for each additional week of age.

Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA)

Infants who fall between the 10th and 90th percentile of weight for their gestational age are considered AGA.

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

Infants who fall below the 10th percentile of weight for their age are considered SGA.
SGA infants may have poor skin turgor, a large head, and widely separated skull sutures due to lack of normal bone growth.
They may have dull and lusterless hair, and appear wasted.
Common problems associated with SGA infants include:
Hypoglycemia (decreased blood glucose, or a level below 45 mg/dL)
Birth asphyxia
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Impaired cognitive development due to lack of oxygen and nourishment in utero
Etiologies of SGA include:
Inadequate nutrition
Pregnant adolescents
Placental anomaly
Systemic diseases that decrease blood flow to the placenta (e.g., severe diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension)
Smoking and narcotics use

Large for Gestational Age (LGA)

Infants who fall above the 90th percentile in weight are considered LGA.
LGA infants may have:
Immature reflexes
Low scores on gestational age examinations
Extensive bruising or birth injuries (e.g., broken clavicle, Erb-Duchenne)
A prominent caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, or molding
Common problems associated with LGA infants include:
Hyperbilirubinemia (increased serum bilirubin level)
Transposition of the great vessels (a serious heart anomaly)
Hypoglycemia in the early hours of life
Etiologies of LGA include:
Overproduction of growth hormone in utero
Maternal diabetes mellitus or obesity
Multiparity (women who have had multiple pregnancies)

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Description

Learn about conditions associated with Large for Gestational Age (LGA) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infants, such as transposition of the great vessels, Beckwith syndrome, and congenital anomalies like omphalocele. Understand the appearance of SGA infants who are below average in weight, length, and head circumference, with an overall wasted look and small liver.