Podcast
Questions and Answers
What assessment is used to determine an infant's immediate needs after birth?
What assessment is used to determine an infant's immediate needs after birth?
- Blood glucose level and respiratory rate
- Skin color and muscle tone
- Weight, height, head circumference, and gestational age (correct)
- Heart rate and body temperature
What term is used to describe infants whose weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentile for their gestational age?
What term is used to describe infants whose weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentile for their gestational age?
- Premature
- Large for gestational age (LGA)
- Small for gestational age (SGA)
- Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of small for gestational age (SGA) infants?
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of small for gestational age (SGA) infants?
- Increased muscle tone (correct)
- Poor skin turgor
- Dull, yellow-stained hair
- Widely separated skull sutures
What is one of the most common problems faced by small for gestational age (SGA) infants?
What is one of the most common problems faced by small for gestational age (SGA) infants?
Why are small for gestational age (SGA) infants at risk for birth asphyxia?
Why are small for gestational age (SGA) infants at risk for birth asphyxia?
What potential long-term impact can small for gestational age (SGA) infants experience?
What potential long-term impact can small for gestational age (SGA) infants experience?
Which of the following conditions is associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?
Which of the following conditions is associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?
What is the primary reason for an infant being small for gestational age (SGA)?
What is the primary reason for an infant being small for gestational age (SGA)?
What is the typical appearance of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant?
What is the typical appearance of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?
Which of the following is a common problem associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of intrauterine growth restriction leading to an SGA infant?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of intrauterine growth restriction leading to an SGA infant?
What is the typical appearance of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant at birth?
What is the typical appearance of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant at birth?
An infant with a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age is considered:
An infant with a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age is considered:
What is a potential complication associated with the large head size of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?
What is a potential complication associated with the large head size of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants?
What is a common cause of an infant being large for gestational age (LGA)?
What is a common cause of an infant being large for gestational age (LGA)?
Which statement about large for gestational age (LGA) infants is TRUE?
Which statement about large for gestational age (LGA) infants is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants is true?
Which of the following statements about appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants is true?
Which group of mothers is at increased risk of having a large for gestational age (LGA) infant?
Which group of mothers is at increased risk of having a large for gestational age (LGA) infant?
Study Notes
Assessment of Newborns
- Newborns need to be assessed after birth to determine their weight, height, head circumference, and gestational age to identify their immediate needs and manage them promptly.
- Birth weight normally increases for each additional week of age.
Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA)
- Infants who fall between the 10th and 90th percentile of weight for their gestational age are considered AGA.
Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
- Infants who fall below the 10th percentile of weight for their age are considered SGA.
- SGA infants may have poor skin turgor, a large head, and widely separated skull sutures due to lack of normal bone growth.
- They may have dull and lusterless hair, and appear wasted.
- Common problems associated with SGA infants include:
- Hypoglycemia (decreased blood glucose, or a level below 45 mg/dL)
- Birth asphyxia
- Meconium aspiration syndrome
- Impaired cognitive development due to lack of oxygen and nourishment in utero
- Etiologies of SGA include:
- Inadequate nutrition
- Pregnant adolescents
- Placental anomaly
- Systemic diseases that decrease blood flow to the placenta (e.g., severe diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension)
- Smoking and narcotics use
Large for Gestational Age (LGA)
- Infants who fall above the 90th percentile in weight are considered LGA.
- LGA infants may have:
- Immature reflexes
- Low scores on gestational age examinations
- Extensive bruising or birth injuries (e.g., broken clavicle, Erb-Duchenne)
- A prominent caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, or molding
- Common problems associated with LGA infants include:
- Hyperbilirubinemia (increased serum bilirubin level)
- Transposition of the great vessels (a serious heart anomaly)
- Hypoglycemia in the early hours of life
- Etiologies of LGA include:
- Overproduction of growth hormone in utero
- Maternal diabetes mellitus or obesity
- Multiparity (women who have had multiple pregnancies)
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Description
Learn about conditions associated with Large for Gestational Age (LGA) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infants, such as transposition of the great vessels, Beckwith syndrome, and congenital anomalies like omphalocele. Understand the appearance of SGA infants who are below average in weight, length, and head circumference, with an overall wasted look and small liver.
