Conditional Sentences in English

Conditional Sentences

Zero Conditional

• Used to describe universal truths, scientific facts, and habits
• Form: If + present simple,... + present simple
• Example: If you heat ice, it melts.
• Indicates a cause-and-effect relationship

First Conditional

• Used to describe future situations and their consequences
• Form: If + present simple,... + future simple
• Example: If it rains, I will take an umbrella.
• Indicates a likely or possible future situation

Second Conditional

• Used to describe hypothetical or unlikely future situations and their consequences
• Form: If + past simple,... + would + base form of the verb
• Example: If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
• Indicates an improbable or imaginary future situation

Third Conditional

• Used to describe past hypothetical situations and their consequences
• Form: If + past perfect,... + would have + past participle
• Example: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
• Indicates a past situation that did not occur, and its consequences