Questions and Answers
Which term defines a judgment based on certain facts?
What is a fallacy that distracts from the argument by attacking the person making the argument?
Which of the following best describes explanations?
Which concept refers to beliefs that are not easily explained by factual evidence?
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What does common sense refer to in terms of judgment?
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What is the primary problem in the appeal to ignorance fallacy?
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Which fallacy is characterized by making broad conclusions based on insufficient evidence?
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In which fallacy does one incorrectly assume that what is true for a part is also true for the whole?
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What does the fallacy of false cause (post hoc) imply about the relationship between events?
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Which logical fallacy involves redefining a term throughout an argument, leading to confusion?
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Study Notes
Allegory
- Represents truths and generalizations about human existence through symbolic fictional figures and their actions.
- Includes forms like fable and parable.
Common Sense
- Defined as sound and prudent judgment based on a straightforward perception of the current situation or facts.
Fact
- Propositions or statements recognized as real or truthful through observation.
Knowledge
- Understanding derived from logic, human intellect, and personal experiences.
Opinions
- Personal beliefs and self-expressions regarding a subject.
Conclusion
- Judgment formed based on specific facts.
Beliefs
- Statements reflecting convictions that cannot be easily articulated or verified by facts.
Explanations
- Statements that provide reasoning to support the truth of a claim.
Arguments
- Statements that offer reasons intended to persuade others of a point's validity.
Fallacies
- Misleading and erroneous statements that indicate defects in an argument beyond false premises.
- Requires examining argument content to identify errors.
Common Fallacies
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Appeal to Pity/Emotion: Persuading by exploiting feelings of pity or guilt.
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Against the Person (Ad Hominem): Attacks the person advocating an argument instead of the argument itself.
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Ad Baculum/Appeal to Force: Justifies a conclusion through threats or force.
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Hasty Generalization: Drawing conclusions from weak or illogical arguments.
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False Cause (Post Hoc): Incorrectly linking cause and effect between unrelated events.
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Appeal to Ignorance: Claims something is true simply because it hasn't been proved false.
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Appeal to the People (Ad Populum): An argument is deemed acceptable due to its popularity.
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False Analogy: Incorrectly compares two similar ideas or terms with wrongful implications.
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Fallacy of Composition: Assuming what is true for a part is true for the whole.
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Fallacy of Division: Assuming what is true for the whole is also true for a part.
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Dicto Simpliciter: General assumptions apply universally.
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Equivocation: Misleading reasoning through shifting meanings of terms.
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Petitio Principii / Begging the Question: Assuming the truth of what is to be proven within the premise.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of allegory, common sense, fact, and knowledge as defined through symbolic representations and prudent judgments. It challenges your understanding of these philosophical ideas and how they relate to human existence.
