Questions and Answers
What is naturalization?
A legal process for a foreigner to become a citizen of a country
What is one of the qualifications of a foreigner to undergo the naturalization process?
Having good moral character and reputation
What principle of citizenship states that citizenship is acquired through one's parents or one of them?
Jus Sanguinis
Who are considered citizens of the Philippines?
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What is one way to lose one's citizenship?
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What happens to a person's naturalization if they flee from the army during a war?
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What is the term used to describe a society composed of people with a shared identity and purpose?
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According to Murray Clark Havens, what is the relationship between an individual and the state?
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What is the highest law of the land in the Philippines?
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What happens to the citizenship of a Filipino who marries a foreigner?
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What is the term used to describe the rights and responsibilities of an individual as a member of a state?
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Under what condition can citizenship be lost or revoked?
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Study Notes
Naturalization
- A legal process where a foreigner becomes a citizen of a country through court proceedings.
- Requirements for a foreigner to undergo naturalization:
- 21 years old on the day of the hearing
- 10 years of continuous residence in the Philippines (5 years if they established an industry, married a Filipino, held a government position, or were born in the Philippines)
- Good moral character and reputation
Principle of Citizenship
- Jus Sanguinis: citizenship based on blood or citizenship of parents (at least one)
- Jus Soli: citizenship based on place of birth
- Filipino citizens:
- Those born in the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution
- Those whose parents are Filipino citizens
- Those born before January 17, 1973, with a Filipino mother who opted for Philippine citizenship
Loss of Citizenship
- Grounds for loss of citizenship:
- Undergoing naturalization in another country
- Taking an oath of allegiance to another country
- Serving in the armed forces of another country during a war
- Naturalization is revoked
Concept of Citizenship
- Originated in ancient Greece, where citizens were members of a polis (city-state) with a shared identity and goal
- By Murray Clark Havens (1981), citizenship is the relationship between an individual and the state
- As a citizen, one is granted rights and responsibilities, and is a member of a nation as defined by law
- Not everyone living in a country is a citizen (e.g., foreigners residing in the country)
1987 Philippine Constitution
- The highest law of the land, outlining the fundamental laws that every citizen must follow
- Article IV: Citizenship
- Filipino citizenship can be acquired or lost
- A Filipino citizen who marries a foreigner remains a Filipino citizen unless they choose to renounce their citizenship
