Concept Integration - APK Day 2
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Questions and Answers

What occurs in the frontal plane of the body?

  • Rotation and twisting
  • Flexion and extension
  • Abduction and adduction (correct)
  • Elevation and depression

Which plane is involved in the movements of flexion and extension?

  • Sagittal (correct)
  • Horizontal
  • Transverse
  • Frontal

Lhermitte's sign is characterized by which of the following?

  • Electric shock sensations down the spine (correct)
  • Pain in the shoulder
  • Numbness in the fingers
  • Muscle weakness in the legs

Which position is appropriate for testing shoulder abduction muscles graded normal to fair?

<p>Sitting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraction occurs when a muscle produces tension without changing the joint's angle?

<p>Isometric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding condylar fractures of the knee is incorrect?

<p>Prolonged immobilization is generally required post-injury. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of resisted movement testing?

<p>It evaluates the status of the noncontractile structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what position should the patient be when testing shoulder abduction muscles graded poor to zero?

<p>Sidelying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding myotonic dystrophy is INCORRECT?

<p>Prolonged contraction of the hand occurs without any change in posture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture type does NOT involve the bones of the foot?

<p>Comminuted fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle has a significant stabilizing role?

<p>Shunt muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle contraction is responsible for slowing body segments during activities like walking?

<p>Eccentric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

<p>Spinal accessory nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the loose packed position of a joint is FALSE?

<p>It has maximal congruency between articular surfaces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client completes a range of motion against gravity with minimal-moderate resistance, how is the muscle graded?

<p>Fair plus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an eccentric muscle contraction?

<p>It primarily occurs during rapid concentric contractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group should the therapist expect to have the highest resting pulse rate?

<p>Infants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about balanced suspension traction is incorrect?

<p>It is only used for upper limb injuries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are considered infrahyoids?

<p>Sternothyroid and Sternohyoid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a muscle that contracts to eliminate unwanted movement by a prime mover?

<p>It is called a synergist. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is forearm supination measured with a goniometer?

<p>With the moving arm placed on the volar side of the hand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What grade would you assign to the right gastrocnemius muscle if the client can stand on one leg and complete 20 heel raises?

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which upper extremity position is NOT introduced to mobilize the radial nerve?

<p>Shoulder internal rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substitutions can lead to an inaccurate grade when testing hip abduction muscle strength?

<p>Lateral flexion of the trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is commonly in direct contact with the humeral surgical neck, making it susceptible to injury during fractures?

<p>Axillary nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional grade of a post-CVA patient who can stand without support and has limited postural sway?

<p>Good static and fair dynamic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle can be palpated by placing fingers over the temporal fossa and contracts when the subject bites down?

<p>Temporalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Temporomandibular joint is NOT true?

<p>As the mouth opens, the head of the mandible moves backwards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about malunion fractures is NOT true?

<p>Surgical correction is always necessary if malunion is detected after healing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to delayed union in a fracture?

<p>Vitamin E deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motor nerve involved in the muscles of mastication?

<p>Trigeminal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction is characterized by maintaining tension against a constant load?

<p>Isotonic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following statements about the temporomandibular joint, which are true?

<p>I, II, and V (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To isolate the biceps femoris during a manual muscle test, how should the therapist position the knee?

<p>Thigh in slight lateral rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint classified as?

<p>Spheroid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about elbow joint range of motion is NOT accurate?

<p>The subject must stand during the AROM test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Resisted Movement Testing

A test used to assess the contractile unit and its innervation, but can lead to joint compression issues.

Myotonic Dystrophy Symptoms

Characterized by prolonged muscle contractions, slow grip release, and abnormal thumb abduction after a tap.

Isometric Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction that slows body segments and absorbs shock, crucial for activities like walking.

Nerve Supply to Sternocleidomastoid

The spinal accessory nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

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Joint Loose-Packed Position

The position of minimal joint surface congruency and least joint stress where movement of spin, slide and roll can occur. It is the resting position for joints.

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Muscle Strength Grade: Fair + / Good +

Client completes range of motion against gravity with minimal-moderate resistance.

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Muscle with High Stabilizing Component

Isometric Muscle Contractions.

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Eccentric Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction that slows body segments and absorbs shock (i.e. walking)

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Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back sections. Abduction (moving away from the body) and adduction (moving towards the body) movements occur in this plane.

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Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into right and left sections. Flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) movements occur in this plane.

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Lhermitte's Sign

An electric shock sensation radiating down the spine into the legs when actively flexing the head.

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Isometric Contraction

Muscle contraction that generates force without changing the joint angle. Helps with stabilization and shock absorption.

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Condylar Fracture of the Knee

A fracture affecting the condyles of the femur. Typically involves displacement of the distal fragment due to muscle actions.

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Shoulder Abduction Muscles Testing (Poor to Zero)

The client is unable to initiate movement against gravity. Testing is conducted with the client in the supine position.

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Jone's Fracture

A fracture of the 5th metatarsal bone, specifically the styloid process, in the foot.

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Malunion

A fracture that has healed in an incorrect or deformed position. The bone may be weak and painful.

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Forearm supination goniometry

Measuring forearm supination using a goniometer with the moving arm on the lateral side of the hand.

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Radial nerve mobilization techniques

Techniques to mobilize the radial nerve, excluding forearm supination, wrist flexion, and shoulder internal rotation, use elbow extension.

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Hip abduction muscle strength testing

Testing hip abduction strength can be inaccurate if substitutions like hip external rotation and flexion, or trunk lateral flexion, or hip extension, or hip internal rotation occur.

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Surgical neck humeral fractures

Elderly individuals often have humeral fractures at the surgical neck; the axillary nerve is directly contacted at this location.

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Standing balance functional grade of a CVA patient

A patient maintaining standing without support, showing limited postural sway and able to stand while turning head/trunk is considered 'good static and fair dynamic' standing balance

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Temporal fossa muscle palpation

The masseter muscle, which contracts during biting, can be palpated by placing fingers over the temporal fossa.

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movement

TMJ movement: mouth closed - convex condyle moves forward on articular eminence; mouth open - mandible head forward, angle backward; movement center near ramus midpoint, not the joint itself.

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Malunion Fracture Complication

Malunion, characterized by inadequate fracture reduction, is often detected after healing is complete and necessitates surgical correction to obtain normal healing position. A slight malunion might not warrant correction to avoid delayed/non-union.

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Radial Head Revolves

During supination and pronation, the radial head rotates at its articulation with the capitellum, contributing to hand movement.

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Supination and Pronation

The movements of rotating the forearm so the palm faces up (supination) or down (pronation) occur at the radioulnar joints, both at the elbow and wrist.

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Highest Resting Pulse Rate

Infants typically have the highest resting pulse rate compared to children, adults, and the elderly.

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Balanced Suspension Traction

A type of traction that uses a system of weights to support an injured limb, allowing for movement without affecting the line of pull.

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Infrahyoid Muscles

The infrahyoid muscles are a group of muscles located below the hyoid bone, including the sternohyoid and sternothyroid.

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Delayed Union

A fracture complication where bone healing is slowed, preventing proper union within the expected timeframe.

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Causes of Delayed Union (EXCEPT)

Factors that can hinder fracture healing, EXCEPT for vitamin E deficiency.

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Muscle of Mastication Nerve

The trigeminal nerve controls the muscles involved in chewing.

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Isokinetic Contraction

Muscle contraction with constant speed and resistance throughout the entire range of motion.

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Temporomandibular Joint Movement

The movements of the jaw during opening and closing, including the forward movement of the condyle.

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Isolating Biceps Femoris

To test the biceps femoris muscle, position the thigh in slight lateral rotation and the leg in slight lateral rotation on the thigh with the knee flexed to 70 degrees.

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Glenohumeral Joint Type

The shoulder joint is a spheroid joint, meaning it is ball-and-socket.

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Elbow Joint Movement

The elbow joint allows for flexion and extension, as well as forearm supination and pronation.

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Study Notes

Concept Integration - APK Day 2

  • Resisted Movement Testing: Evaluates contractile unit, performed in shortened, midrange, and stretched positions; considered specific, but may cause joint compression
  • Myotonic Dystrophy: Characterized by adult onset (typically 30-40s), general weakness, prolonged hand contraction, and thumb abduction after a quick tap.
  • Muscle Types: Isometric muscles have great stabilizing components.
  • Muscle Contraction in Walking: Eccentric muscle contraction is involved in shock absorption and slowing body segments during walking.
  • Sternocleidomastoid Nerve Supply: Supplied by the spinal accessory nerve.
  • Joint Play Movement Assessment: Loose packed position for joint play assessment; minimal congruency between articular surfaces and joint capsules, equivalent to anatomic resting position; allows for spin, slide, and roll.
  • Muscle Grading: "Good Plus" if client completes movement range against gravity with minimal-moderate resistance.
  • Forearm Supination: Measured using a goniometer with the moving arm placed on the lateral side of the hand.
  • Radial Nerve Mobilization: Technique involves forearm supination, wrist flexion, and shoulder internal rotation.
  • Hip Abduction Muscle Testing: Substitutions for hip external rotation, flexion, lateral trunk flexion, and hip extension can lead to inaccurate results
  • Humeral Fractures (Surgical Neck): Common in the elderly; often affect the axillary nerve.
  • Post-CVA Standing Balance: Functional grade assessed by a patient's ability to stand with limited postural sway, even during head and trunk turns (fair static and dynamic or good static and dynamic).
  • Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ): Temporalis muscle is palpable above the temporal fossa. Movement involves condyles moving forward and angles moving backward when mouth is opened and vice-versa when closed.
  • Fracture Complications: Delayed union is caused by factors including defective metabolism, infection, and poor fracture manipulation.
  • Motor Nerve to Mastication Muscles: The trigeminal nerve.
  • Movement Types: Isometric movements involve constant load and tension with no change in joint angle; isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic may be other types.
  • Foot Fractures (Not Involved): Jefferson and Shepherd's fractures are not foot fractures, while Jones and Nutcracker fractures are.
  • Balanced Suspension Traction: This assembly allows for more range of motion with traction forces, and is commonly used to support injuries such as femoral fractures.
  • Elbow ROM (Range of Motion): Flexion and extension originate primarily from the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints; involve forearm supination/pronation.
  • Age-Related Pulse Rate: Children typically have the highest resting pulse rate.
  • Infrahyoids: Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and stylohyoid muscles.
  • Muscle Actions (Prime Mover, Synergist): A synergist muscle contracts to eliminate unwanted movement from the prime mover.
  • Muscle Testing: A client completing 20 heel raises with one leg demonstrates a 4+ grade for gastrocnemius muscle strength.
  • Hip Abduction Testing: The correct position for testing normal to fair hip abductor muscle grading is side-lying.

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APK Day 2 Concept Integration PDF

Description

This quiz covers various topics related to muscle testing and function, including resisted movement testing, myotonic dystrophy, and muscle contraction dynamics during walking. It also touches on nerve supply related to specific muscles and joint play movement assessment. Test your knowledge on these essential concepts in anatomy and kinesiology.

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