Week 9 Content

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What are the underlying foundations of the cognitive perspective discussed this week?

Motivation and emotion

Behavioral conditioning

Schemas, social cognition, and memory (correct)

Evolutionary theories

Which of the following are assumptions of the cognitive perspective? (Select all that apply)

Cognition is influenced by emotions (correct)

Thought processes can be measured and analyzed (correct)

Behavior is determined solely by environmental factors

Individuals actively process information from the environment (correct)

What is Personal Construct Theory and what role did George Kelly play in its development?

A theory focusing on social behavior and group dynamics.

A cognitive theory emphasizing individual interpretation of experiences. (correct)

A theory primarily related to physiological responses to stimuli.

A behavioral theory revolving around reinforcement and punishment.

What are schemas and how do they affect cognitive processes?

Schemas change the way information is perceived and interpreted. (D), Schemas are mental structures that help organize knowledge. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of schemas are commonly recognized? (Select all that apply)

Incremental Schema (D), Social Schema (A), Self Schema (B), Entity Schema (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describe attribution, activation, memory, priming, and connectionism?

Attribution refers to how people assign causes to events. (A), Activation is the process where specific information is retrieved from memory. (B), Memory involves the storage and recall of information. (C), Priming is a technique used to prepare an individual for a specific response. (D), Connectionism posits that mental phenomena can be described by interconnected neural networks. (@) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes dual process models and cognitive person variables?

They propose that human decision-making is influenced by both automatic and controlled processes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are issues in assessment from the cognitive perspective? (Select all that apply)

Bias in test design (A), Cognitive overload (C), Misinterpretation of cognitive processes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following problems can be identified from the cognitive perspective in therapy? (Select all that apply)

Negative thought patterns (A), Emotional distress (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts are emphasized in cognitive views of personality? (Select all that apply)

Schemas (A), Self-regulatory systems (C) Signup and view all the answers

What term did George Kelly use to describe the characteristic ways in which people interpret similarities and differences in events?

Personal constructs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about schemas is true?

Schemas can include both exemplars and general characteristics. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of self-schemas compared to socially relevant schemas?

Self-schemas are representations of oneself. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following schemas could describe dogs in your life? (Select all that apply)

Barks (A), Slobbers (B), Likes bones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles?

Optimistic attribution attributes success to stable internal causes, while pessimistic attribution attributes success to external causes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to connectionist models, what do patterns in memory networks reflect?

The satisfaction of many constraints simultaneously (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items directly leads to 'Ambulance' in the semantic network diagram?

Car (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which attribution style attributes self-success to stable internal causes?

Optimistic attribution style (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the connectionist models of memory, what reflects the satisfaction of many constraints simultaneously?

Patterns in overall networks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are cognitive assessment techniques mentioned in the text? (Select all that apply)

Think-aloud procedures (A), Thought sampling (B), Monitoring specific categories of events (D) Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic approach in psychology is based on the cognitive perspective and has extensive evidence supporting its effectiveness?

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might cognitive primes affect how you think about yourself?

They can enhance self-awareness. (A), They can lead to negative self-perception. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How might external stimuli change how you behave when applied selectively?

They can lead to confusion and mixed responses. (D), They can increase your responsiveness to specific cues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is known for the Cognitive perspective that emphasizes the development of 'personal constructs'?

George Kelly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-schema?

Our representation of ourselves that is often more elaborate than other schemas (C) Signup and view all the answers

An attribution is making an inference about the cause of an event. Schemas can fill in the gaps in the available information and assist in making an attribution. Which of the following statements is true regarding attributions and schemas?

Schemas can bias the process of making attributions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where activating one node in a memory network partially activates connected nodes?

Priming (B) Signup and view all the answers

One assumption of the cognitive perspective is that:

most decisions are unconscious, but some are conscious. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Kelly viewed people as implicit:

scientists. (A) Signup and view all the answers

One consequence of the use of a schema is:

easier coding of new material. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A self-schema:

makes it easier to remember things consistent with it. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The process of judging the cause of an event is called:

attribution. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Dual-process researchers talk about people having:

implicit and explicit knowledge. (B) Signup and view all the answers

To assess the cognitions and emotions that accompany a wide range of naturally-occurring events, the best cognitive assessment technique would be:

experience sampling. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criticisms has been leveled at the cognitive approach to personality?

It is an attempt to graft an area of psychology where it does not belong. (B) Signup and view all the answers