Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a similarity between conversations and speeches?
What are the ways to deal with nervousness?
What is the definition of critical thinking?
Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.
What does ethos refer to in public speaking?
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What are Aristotle's three artistic proofs?
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The introduction constitutes _ percent of the speech.
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What is the objective of the conclusion in a speech?
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Which of the following is a cause of poor listening?
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What is extemporaneous speech?
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How should fonts be used effectively in presentations?
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The conclusion is _ percent of the speech.
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Public speaking does not require formal language.
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Study Notes
Similarities between Conversations and Speeches
- Organizing thoughts logically enhances clarity.
- Tailoring content to the audience improves engagement.
- Delivering for maximum impact ensures the message resonates.
- Adapting to feedback maintains audience interest.
Differences between Conversations and Speeches
- Public speaking involves a more structured approach.
- Formal language is a requirement in speeches.
- Delivery methods differ significantly between casual talk and formal presentations.
iFactor
- Incorporate personal values, beliefs, and interests into speeches to enhance relatability and interest.
Dealing with Nervousness
- Gain experience through practice to reduce anxiety.
- Thorough preparation instills confidence.
- Positive thinking can combat fear.
- Visualization techniques help in reducing nervousness.
- Recognizing that nervousness is often unnoticeable can ease concerns.
- Embrace imperfection to alleviate pressure.
Critical Thinking
- Engaging in focused thinking involves evaluating logical relationships, assessing evidence soundness, and distinguishing between fact and opinion.
Ethnocentrism
- The belief in the superiority of one's own group can hinder understanding; it is vital to respect diverse cultures.
Ethics
- Ethics involves discerning right from wrong within human interactions.
Aristotle's Definition of Rhetoric
- Rhetoric is the skill of recognizing the means of persuasion available in specific situations.
Guidelines for Ethical Speaking
- Ensure goals are ethically sound.
- Adequate preparation is essential.
- Maintain honesty throughout the speech.
- Avoid harmful language like name-calling.
- Apply ethical principles consistently.
Name Calling
- The use of derogatory language is unethical but often protected as free speech.
Types of Plagiarism
- Global: stealing an entire speech from one source.
- Patchwork: borrowing ideas from multiple sources.
- Incremental: neglecting to credit specific parts of a speech.
Important Increments in Speech
- Quotations and paraphrases are crucial components that require citation.
Guidelines for Ethical Listening
- Show courtesy and attentiveness towards speakers.
- Avoid prejudging speakers to maintain open-mindedness.
- Foster an environment for free expression of ideas.
Types of Listening
- Appreciative: listening for enjoyment.
- Empathetic: providing emotional support.
- Comprehensive: understanding spoken messages.
- Critical: evaluating and forming opinions on the message.
Causes of Poor Listening
- Lack of concentration negatively impacts retention.
- Overthinking the content may lead to missing key messages.
- Jumping to conclusions can distort understanding.
- Focusing too much on delivery can distract from the message.
Improving Listening Skills
- Take listening seriously by actively engaging.
- Minimize distractions to enhance focus.
- Avoid being influenced by the speaker's appearance.
- Suspend judgment to understand messages fully.
- Hone note-taking skills for effective retention.
Extemporaneous Speech
- A carefully prepared speech presented with brief notes, promoting a natural delivery.
General Purpose of Speeches
- The overarching objective can be to inform, persuade, or entertain the audience.
Specific Purpose Considerations
- The purpose should align with assignment guidelines and be relevant within the time frame.
Central Idea of a Speech
- A concise statement that encapsulates the main message and points of the speech.
Guidelines for Crafting Specific Purpose and Central Idea
- Formulate as complete sentences, avoiding questions or figurative language.
- Keep the focus limited to one idea.
Strategic Organization of Speeches
- Organizing material effectively to achieve specific outcomes for the target audience.
Main Points in Speech
- Major ideas presented in the body should be evenly distributed for balance.
Methods of Speech Organization
- Chronological: organizes points in a time sequence.
- Spatial: follows a directional format.
- Topical: divides the topic into logical subtopics.
- Casual: establishes cause-effect relationships.
- Problem-Solution: addresses an issue before presenting a solution.
Supporting Materials
- Examples, statistics, and testimonies serve as evidence to back up key points.
Connectives in Speeches
- Transitions signal shifts between ideas, while internal previews and summaries guide understanding.
Objectives of the Introduction
- Capture the audience's attention while introducing and establishing the significance of the topic.
Enhancing Audience Attention
- Use relatable topics, surprising statements, and engaging storytelling techniques.
Credibility and Goodwill
- Credibility is the audience’s perception of the speaker's qualification, while goodwill relates to the perceived intentions towards the audience.
Speech Conclusion Objectives
- Indicate the speech's end and reinforce the central idea through summarization and impactful statements.
Effective Ending Strategies
- Crescendo endings build intensity, while dissolve endings lead to a poignant conclusion.
Preparation Outline
- A comprehensive outline containing all essential components of a speech including title, idea, and bibliography.
Visual Framework
- An organized pattern indicating relationships among speech ideas, enhancing clarity.
Speaking Outline
- A simplified version aiding memory recall during presentations.
Delivery Cues
- Notes used to remind speakers of key delivery techniques while speaking.
Nonverbal Communication
- Body movements, gestures, and facial expressions augment verbal communication in public speaking.
Aspects of Effective Delivery
- Clarity, engagement, and expressiveness contribute to impactful delivery.
Delivery Methods
- Options include reading from a manuscript, memorizing, extemporaneous speaking, or improvisation.
Vocal Control Elements
- Volume, rate, pitch, pauses, and articulation influence speech delivery.
Visual Aids
- Tools include models, photographs, graphs, charts, and videos to enhance understanding and retention.
Effective Use of Fonts
- Select clear fonts, limit styles, and maintain consistency for readability in visual presentations.
Informative Speech Types
- Categories encompass objects, processes, events, and concepts, aiming to enhance knowledge.
Informative Speaking Guidelines
- Ensure accessibility of information, relate topics to the audience, and personalize ideas to enhance comprehension.
Artistic Proofs in Persuasion
- Ethos, pathos, and logos serve as foundational elements for effective persuasion.
Managing Q&A Sessions
- Approach with positivity, listen attentively, and provide clear, honest responses while addressing the audience.
Physical Elements of a Speaker
- Personal appearance, movement, gestures, eye contact (80%), and facial expressions greatly impact audience perception.
Avoiding Abstractions
- Offer concrete examples and details rather than vague statements to enhance clarity and audience engagement.
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Description
Prepare for your COMS 101 midterm exam with these flashcards. This quiz covers the key similarities and differences between conversations and speeches, along with a focus on important public speaking concepts. Enhance your understanding and engagement with effective communication techniques.
