Computer Systems Overview

A printer that uses pins to strike an inked ribbon against paper.

A printer that prints without physically striking the paper.

A printer that sprays ink onto paper through small nozzles.

A printer using technology similar to photocopying machines, high-quality, fast, and expensive.

A large-format printing device often used for engineering drawings, maps.

An audio output device used to produce sound.

An interface for connecting devices to a computer.

A socket on the motherboard for installing expansion cards.

700 Megabytes (MB)

4 to 16 Gigabytes (GB)

For storing pictures, audio, and video in laptops and portable devices (like phones and cameras).

Up to 128 GB

Displays information (text, graphics, images) on a screen or prints it on paper (monitor, printer, plotter, speaker).

Information displayed on a monitor.

Printed information on paper.

An older type of monitor, similar to a TV.

Small circuit boards that add new functionalities to a computer.

A computer design where data and instructions are stored in the same memory.

The main part of a computer that executes instructions.

High-speed storage areas within the CPU.

Holds the memory location of data to access.

Holds data being moved to/from memory.

Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

Paths for data transmission between computer components.

Developing software for large companies to automate tasks, manage data, and improve communication.

Creating video games, including game engines, graphics, audio, animation.

Designing, developing, and testing physical computer parts.

Designing and developing digital circuits for computer parts.

Computer programs managing computer hardware and running application software.

Programs that users run for specific tasks.

Programs, data, and instructions to tell a computer what to do.

Designing tiny electronic circuits for computer parts (like CPUs and GPUs).

A low-level programming language that uses mnemonics to represent machine instructions, providing direct control over hardware but requiring more effort to write and debug.

Programming languages that are easier to learn and use, resembling English and using keywords like 'print' and 'if'. They require compilers or interpreters to translate into machine code.

A program that translates code written in a high-level language into machine language that the computer can understand and execute.

A programming approach where programs are broken down into smaller, reusable units called modules, each responsible for a specific task.

The order in which program statements are executed, following a logical flow from one step to the next.

The ability to choose different program paths based on evaluating a condition, allowing for decision-making in code.

The execution of a set of statements repeatedly until a certain condition is met, allowing for repetition in code.

A programming paradigm that emphasizes clear program structure using three fundamental elements: sequence, selection, and repetition.

A programming method that uses objects to represent real-world entities, like a 'car' or a 'student', and allows them to interact with each other.

Programming languages that support the concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP), like C++, Java, and Python.

Languages that allow direct interaction with hardware components and are used for tasks requiring close control over system resources.

Using low-level programming languages to build the core software that manages the computer's resources (e.g., memory, CPU, file system).

Languages that offer more abstract features and provide a higher level of abstraction from the computer's hardware.

Using high-level languages to create software applications for various purposes, from desktop programs to mobile apps and web applications.

Building interactive and dynamic websites using high-level programming languages, enabling web pages to be more than just static information.

Using high-level languages to analyze large datasets, uncover patterns, and perform scientific research.