Computer Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant advantage of gesture-based interfaces?

  • They do not require training to use. (correct)
  • They need physical contact for optimal performance.
  • They can only recognize a broad range of movements.
  • They require mechanical input devices.

Gesture-based interfaces can be used from a long distance away from the camera.

False (B)

Which of the following is not a type of software?

  • Both A and B
  • Application software
  • Hardware software (correct)
  • System software

ROM is considered an internal hardware device.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one disadvantage of using gesture-based interfaces.

<p>Unintentional movements may be detected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of a control and measuring software.

<p>LabVIEW</p> Signup and view all the answers

A desktop computer is always connected to the ______.

<p>mains</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is used for organizing and manipulating numerical data.

<p>spreadsheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the computer type with its advantage:

<p>Laptop = Portable due to small size Desktop Computer = Higher specifications than laptops Tablet = Touch interface for ease of use Smartphone = Highly mobile and multifunctional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage unique to laptops?

<p>Limited battery life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the software type with its example:

<p>Word processor = Creating letters and reports Spreadsheet = Data organization and calculations Database = Managing large data sets Video editing = Editing and producing videos</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of application software?

<p>To perform specific tasks for the user (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Graphical User Interface (GUI) requires users to type in every instruction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

NIC stands for Network Interface Card and is an external hardware device.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major characteristic of Command Line Interfaces (CLI)?

<p>Users must type commands accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one function that video editing software can perform.

<p>Adding titles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically found in a graphics card?

<p>Sound synthesis engine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sound card can only play music but cannot record sound input.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HDMI stand for?

<p>High-Definition Multimedia Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

The unique code hard-coded into each NIC is known as the __________.

<p>MAC address</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following storage types with their characteristics:

<p>HDD = Magnetic storage SSD = Solid state technology RAM = Volatile storage ROM = Non-volatile storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method does a sound card NOT use to translate digital data into analogue signals?

<p>Digital signal processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both HDD and SSD serve the same basic function in a computer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of card allows a computer to connect to a network?

<p>Network interface card (NIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of tablet computers?

<p>Typing can be difficult compared to a normal keyboard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an internal hardware component?

<p>Monitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smartphones have a longer battery life compared to tablets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of volatile memory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one use of Artificial Intelligence biometrics.

<p>Facial-recognition system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of reality that combines real and virtual environments is called ______.

<p>Extended reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the motherboard play in a computer system?

<p>It allows the processor and other hardware to function and communicate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a negative impact of AI?

<p>Dependency on technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of memory that temporarily stores data while applications are running is called ______.

<p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of extended reality with their definitions:

<p>Augmented Reality (AR) = Superimposes digital information onto the real world Virtual Reality (VR) = Creates an artificial environment for users Mixed Reality (MR) = Integrates real and virtual elements for interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hardware devices with their types:

<p>Monitor = External Motherboard = Internal Graphics Card = Internal Printer = External</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of a graphics card?

<p>Processes graphical information for displays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robots can replace human roles without any negative consequences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology is used to create a feeling of reality in virtual reality?

<p>Data goggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

A computer system can operate without an operating system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a computer?

<p>To accept data, process it into information, store it, and output it when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of application software?

<p>To perform specific tasks for users (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

System software includes programs that allow users to play games and run specific applications.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one main function of an operating system (OS).

<p>Control of the operation of input, output, and storage devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ processing unit is responsible for interpreting and executing commands in a computer.

<p>central</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following user interfaces to their characteristics:

<p>Graphical User Interface (GUI) = Utilizes pictures or icons for interaction Command Line Interface (CLI) = Requires knowledge of text commands Dialogue-based User Interface = Involves a conversation-style interaction Gesture-based User Interface = Uses physical movements for commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an input device?

<p>Monitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of permanent storage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of a computer that performs calculations and logical decisions?

<p>Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hardware

The physical components of a computer system.

Software

Instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

Motherboard

Connects computer components and lets them talk to each other.

RAM

Temporary memory for active programs and data.

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ROM

Permanent memory that stores instructions for starting a computer.

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Graphics Card

Displays images on the screen.

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Input

Data entered into the computer.

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Output

Information displayed or produced by the computer.

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Graphics Card Components

A graphics card has a processing unit, memory (usually RAM), a cooling mechanism (often a heat sink), and connections to displays (like monitors).

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Sound Card Function

A sound card lets computers produce and record sounds, and manipulate audio files.

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Digital Data

Binary data, represented by 0s and 1s.

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Analog Data

Data that changes smoothly from one value to another.

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Network Interface Card (NIC)

A component that connects a computer to a network (like the internet).

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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A storage device that uses magnetism to store data.

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Solid State Drive (SSD)

A modern storage device that uses flash memory instead of magnetism.

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Volatile Storage

Storage that loses its data when the power is turned off.

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What is Application Software?

Application software is designed for specific tasks users want to complete, like writing a letter using a word processor.

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What is System Software?

System software manages the computer's core functions, like running programs and controlling hardware, such as the operating system (Windows 10).

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CPU Role

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) interprets and executes instructions from both hardware and software. It's the brain of the computer.

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What does the Control Unit (CU) do?

The Control Unit (CU) manages the flow of information between input and output devices. It decodes and executes instructions.

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What is the ALU's purpose?

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) performs mathematical calculations and makes logical comparisons, like whether two numbers are equal.

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What is RAM used for?

Random Access Memory (RAM) stores data and programs that are currently being used by the computer, like a temporary workspace.

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What is ROM's function?

Read-Only Memory (ROM) stores permanent instructions, such as the boot process, that allow the computer to start up.

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GUI Advantages?

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) are user-friendly because they use icons and pictures instead of commands, making them accessible to everyone.

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Gesture-based interfaces

User interfaces that rely on movements and gestures for input, eliminating the need for physical devices.

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Advantage: Natural Interaction

Gesture-based interfaces are intuitive for users because they mirror natural human communication.

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Disadvantage: Unintentional Input

Accidental movements, like a slight hand tremor, can be misinterpreted as commands in gesture-based interfaces.

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Disadvantage: Limited Range

Gesture-based interfaces usually require close proximity to a sensor or camera, limiting their range of operation.

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CPU Components

The CPU is made up of three core parts: the ALU for calculations, the Control Unit for directing operations, and the Main Memory for temporary data storage.

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Control Unit

The part of the CPU that directs the flow of data, instructions, and operations within the computer.

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Command Line Interface (CLI)

A text-based interface where users type in commands to interact with the computer.

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Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A visual interface with icons, menus, and windows for users to interact with the computer.

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What is ROM?

Read-Only Memory (ROM) is a type of memory that stores permanent instructions for starting a computer. These instructions are essential for the computer to boot up and run. The data in ROM cannot be modified by the user.

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What is RAM?

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of memory that stores temporary data and instructions for programs currently running on the computer. It's like a workspace for the computer. When you close a program or shut down the computer, the data in RAM is lost.

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What does a Sound Card do?

A sound card is a component that allows the computer to produce sound. It converts digital audio signals into analog signals that can be played through speakers or headphones.

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What is a Video Card?

A video card, also known as a graphics card, is a component that handles all the visual information displayed on the computer's screen. It converts graphic data into images that you can see.

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Application Software

Application software refers to programs that allow users to perform specific tasks on a computer. Examples include word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and multimedia editing tools.

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Word Processor

A word processing software application is designed to create and manipulate text documents, such as letters, reports, and essays. It provides features like formatting, spell-checking, and image insertion.

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Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet application organizes data in a grid of cells and allows users to perform calculations, create charts, and analyze numerical information.

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Database

A database application allows you to store, retrieve, and manage large amounts of data in a structured and organized way. It enables searching, sorting, and reporting of data.

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Tablet Computer Advantages

Tablet computers offer high-definition displays, wireless connectivity (3G/4G & Bluetooth), touch screen technology, and longer battery life than smartphones. They also allow data backup and synchronization.

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Tablet Computer Disadvantages

Tablet computers have limited memory compared to laptops, expensive 3G/4G internet use, typing difficulties, and not all files are compatible.

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Smart Phone Advantages

Smartphones are small, portable, offer wireless and 3G/4G connectivity, and have touch screen technology.

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Smart Phone Disadvantages

Smartphones have small screens, short battery life, they can be easily misplaced or stolen, and they have limited storage/memory and slow data transfer rates.

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AI in Biometrics

Artificial Intelligence (AI) used in biometric systems learns from different fingerprints to identify individuals. It can be used for facial recognition and eye recognition systems.

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What are the negative impacts of AI?

AI can lead to job losses in various industries, dependence on technology, reduced skills, and ethical concerns.

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What is Extended Reality (XR)?

Extended Reality (XR) combines real and virtual worlds, encompassing Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR).

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What is Virtual Reality (VR)?

Virtual reality (VR) creates an artificial environment using software and devices like data goggles, sensor suites, data gloves, and helmets.

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Study Notes

Computer Systems

  • A computer is an electronic device accepting data as input, processing it into information, storing it for future use, and outputting the information when needed.
  • A computer system includes hardware and software.
  • Hardware refers to physical components.
  • Software is a collection of instructions that tell the computer what to do.
  • Hardware can be internal or external.
  • Internal hardware components include: motherboard, processor, RAM, ROM, video cards, sound cards, network interface cards, hard disk drives, and solid-state drives.
  • External hardware includes: monitor, speakers, keyboard, printer, and external storage devices.
  • A motherboard is a printed circuit board found in all computers. It allows the processor and other hardware to function and communicate.
  • RAM (Random Access Memory) is an internal memory chip where temporary data is stored while applications run.
  • ROM (Read-Only Memory) is permanent storage that contains data required for the computer to operate, such as configuration data.

Software Types

  • Two main types of software: application and system.
  • Application software performs specific tasks such as word processing (e.g., creating documents), spreadsheets (organizing and manipulating numerical data), database management, graphics editing, video editing, audio editing, apps, and applets.
  • System software manages the computer system. Examples include operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS), device drivers, utilities (e.g., antivirus software, disk management), linkers, and compilers.
  • Operating systems manage computer functions, including hardware devices (input/output), and provide a user interface (UI).

User Interfaces (UI)

  • User interfaces are ways users interact with computers. Types include:
    • GUI (Graphical User Interface) using pictures and icons. End-users and people desiring intuitive use benefit.
    • CLI (Command Line Interface) requires commands to be typed. Used by those requiring direct interaction for tasks like software development.
    • Dialogue-based user interfaces utilize spoken commands. Useful in homes, vehicles, and for accessibility.
    • Gesture-based user interfaces rely on motions to interact, like in smartphones.

Computer Types

  • Different computer types include PCs (desktop computers), laptops, tablets, phablets, and smartphones. The dimensions vary with phablets falling between tablets and smartphones.

Impact of Emerging Technologies

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines. AI biometrics involves using AI to identify people.
  • Robots are used in various settings.
  • Virtual reality (VR) creates artificial environments using software, which users can interact with.
  • Augmented reality (AR) overlays computer-generated images over the real world.

Computer Components

  • Main computer system components include input devices, the processor, internal memory, output devices, backing/secondary storage devices, the CPU, internal hard disk drives, and random and read-only memory.

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CIE Chapter-1: Computer Systems PDF

Description

This quiz covers the basic concepts of computer systems, including hardware and software components. It explains the roles of various internal and external hardware, such as the motherboard, RAM, and input/output devices. Test your knowledge about how these components work together within a computer system.

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